Scheme of lines on a family of 2-dimensional quadrics: geometry and derived category

Quadratic spaces; Clifford algebras (11E88) Fibrations, degenerations in algebraic geometry (14D06) Brauer groups of schemes (14F22) Families, moduli, classification: algebraic theory (14J10) Grassmannians, Schubert varieties, flag manifolds (14M15)

Abstract: Given a generic family

Q

of 2-dimensional quadrics over a smooth 3-dimensional base

Y

we consider the relative Fano scheme

M

of lines of it. The scheme

M

has a structure of a generically conic bundle

M o X

over a double covering

X o Y

ramified in the degeneration locus of

Q o Y

. The double covering

X o Y

is singular in a finite number of points (corresponding to the points

y i n Y

such that the quadric

Q_{y}

degenerates to a union of two planes), the fibers of

M

over such points are unions of two planes intersecting in a point. The main result of the paper is a construction of a semiorthogonal decomposition for the derived category of coherent sheaves on

M

. This decomposition has three components, the first is the derived category of a small resolution

X^{+}

of singularities of the double covering

X o Y

, the second is a twisted resolution of singularities of

X

(given by the sheaf of even parts of Clifford algebras on

Y

), and the third is generated by a completely orthogonal exceptional collection.

Review text

Let \(Q\to Y\) be a family of 2-dimensional quadrics over a 3-dimensional base with \(Q\) and \(Y\) smooth and consider its relative Fano scheme of lines \(\rho: M\to Y\). In this paper, a criterion for the smoothness of \(M\) is given and the bounded derived category \(\mathcal D^b(M)\) of coherent sheaves on \(M\) is studied. Let \(D_r\subset Y\) be the locus of quadrics of corank at least \(r\). Under the assumptions that the generic fibre of \(Q\to Y\) is smooth, \(D_3=\emptyset\), and \(D_2\) consists of finitely many points \(y_1,\dots,y_N\) all of which are ordinary double points of \(D_1\), the author proves that \(M\) is smooth and there is a semiorthogonal decomposition \[ \mathcal D^b(M)=\bigl\langle \mathcal D^b(X^+),\mathcal D^b(Y,\mathcal B_0),\{\mathcal O_{\Sigma_i^+}\}_{i=1}^N\bigr\rangle \] obtained as follows. For \(i=1,\dots,N\), the fibre \(\rho^{-1}(y_i)\) is the union of two planes and \(\mathbb P^2\cong \Sigma_i^+\subset M\) is chosen as one of them. Then it is shown that the structure sheaves \(\mathcal O_{\Sigma_i^+}\) form a completely orthogonal exceptional collection. The Stein factorisation \(M\to X\to Y\) of \(\rho\) consists of a generically conic bundle \(M\to X\) and the double cover \(X\to Y\) ramified over \(D_1\). Let \(M^+\) be the flip of \(M\) in the planes \(\Sigma_i^+\). The author proves that the induced map \(M^+\to X\) factors as \(M^+\to X^+\to X\) where \(M^+\to X^+\) is a \(\mathbb P^1\)-fibration and \(X^+\to X\) is a small resolution of singularities. It follows that \(\mathcal D^b(X^+)\) can be embedded into \(\mathcal D^b(M)\) via the pull-back along \(M^+\to X^+\) followed by the canonical embedding \(\mathcal D^b(M^+)\subset \mathcal D^b(M)\). Finally, \(\mathcal B_0\) is the sheaf of the even part of the Clifford algebra associated to the quadric fibration \(Q\to Y\) and it is shown that \(\mathcal D^b(Y,\mathcal B_0)\) is equivalent to the left orthogonal complement of \(\mathcal D^b(X^+)\) in \(\mathcal D^b(M^+)\). The results are used by \textit{C. Ingalls} and the author in [``On nodal Enriques surfaces and quartic double solids, \url{arXiv:1012.3530}] to provide a description of the derived category of a nodal Enriques surface.

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