Some properties of essential spectra of a positive operator
Let \(E\) be a Banach lattice, \(T\) be an order bounded operator on \(E\), and \(\sigma (T)\) be the spectrum of \(T\). The Fredholm essential spectrum \(\sigma_{ef} (T)\) of \(T\) is the set \(\{\lambda \in \mathbb{C} : \lambda -T\) is not Fredholm\}, whereas the Weyl essential spectrum \(\sigma_{ew}\) is the set \(\bigcup_{K \in {\mathcal K} (E)} \sigma (T + K)\), where \( {\mathcal K} (E)\) is the set of compact operators on \(E\). For a positive operator \(T\) on \(E\), the sets \(\sigma_{ew}^+ (T) = \bigcap_{0 \leq K \in {\mathcal K} (E)} \sigma (T+K)\) and \(\sigma_{ew}^- (T) = \bigcap_{\substack{ 0 \leq K \leq T\\ 0\leq K\in{\mathcal K}(E)}} \sigma (T-K)\) are introduced. In general, the inclusion \(e_{ef} (T) \subseteq \sigma (T)\) is strict. Conditions by which \(r(T)\not\in\sigma_{ef}(T)\) implies that \(r(T)\not\in e_{ew}^+(T)\) or \(r(T)\not\in\sigma^{-}_{ew}(T)\) are investigated. Relations between the coefficients of the main part of the Laurent series of the resolvent \(R(\cdot,T)\) of a positive operator \(T\) around the point \(\lambda=r(T)\) are studied. An example of a positive integral operator \(T:L_1\rightarrow L_\infty\) that does not dominate a nonzero compact operator is given. Applications to the spectral theory of band irreducible operators are also presented.
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