Weighted locally gentle quivers and Cartan matrices.

DOI10.1016/J.JPAA.2007.05.004MaRDI QIDQ2456396zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Christine Bessenrodt, Thorsten Holm

Publication date 18 October 2007

Published in Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0511610

Cartan determinants gentle algebras Koszul duals path lengths weighted Cartan matrices weighted locally gentle quivers

Enumeration in graph theory (05C30) Representations of quivers and partially ordered sets (16G20) Quadratic and Koszul algebras (16S37)

Abstract: We study the class of weighted locally gentle quivers. This naturally extends the class of gentle quivers and gentle algebras, which have been intensively studied in the representation theory of finite-dimensional algebras, to a wider class of potentially infinite-dimensional algebras. Weights on the arrows of these quivers lead to gradings on the corresponding algebras. For the natural grading by path lengths, any locally gentle algebra is a Koszul algebra. Our main result is a general combinatorial formula for the determinant of the weighted Cartan matrix of a weighted locally gentle quiver. This determinant is invariant under graded derived equivalences of the corresponding algebras. We show that this weighted Cartan determinant is a rational function which is completely determined by the combinatorics of the quiver, more precisely by the number and the weight of certain oriented cycles. This leads to combinatorial invariants of the graded derived categories of graded locally gentle algebras.

Review text

Let \(\mathcal Q=(Q,R)\) be a pair consisting of a finite quiver and a set \(R\) of paths of length \(2\). We call \(\mathcal Q\) a locally gentle quiver if the following conditions are satisfied: (i) for each vertex \(x\) of \(Q\) there are at most two arrows starting (terminating) at \(x\), (ii) for each arrow \(\alpha\colon x\to y\) in \(Q\) there is at most one arrow \(\beta\colon y\to z\) (\(\gamma\colon z\to x\)) such that \(\beta\alpha\not\in R\) (\(\alpha\gamma\not\in R\), respectively), (iii) for each arrow \(\alpha\colon x\to y\) in \(Q\) there is at most one arrow \(\beta\colon y\to z\) (\(\gamma\colon z\to x\)) such that \(\beta\alpha\in R\) (\(\alpha\gamma\in R\), respectively). If \(p=\alpha_1\cdots\alpha_n\) is an oriented cycle in a locally gentle quiver \(\mathcal Q\), then we say that \(p\) is a cycle with full relations (a cycle with no relations) if \(\alpha_i\alpha_{i+1}\in R\) (\(\alpha_i\alpha_{i+1}\not\in R\), respectively) for each \(i=1,\dots,n\), where \(\alpha_{n+1}=\alpha_1\). By \(\mathcal Z(\mathcal Q)\) (\(\mathcal I(\mathcal Q)\)) we denote the set of cycles with full relations (cycles with no relations, respectively). Given a locally gentle quiver \(\mathcal Q\) we define the generic weight function \(w\colon Q_1\to\mathbb{Z}[X_\alpha\mid\alpha\in Q_1]\) by \(w(\alpha):=X_\alpha\) for \(\alpha\in Q_1\). This function extends to all non-zero paths in \(\mathcal Q\) in an obvious way. We define the weighted Cartan matrix \(C_{\mathcal Q}^w\) of \(\mathcal Q\) by \(C_{\mathcal Q}^w:=(c_{x,y})_{x,y\in Q_0}\), where \(c_{x,y}:=\sum w(p)\), where \(p\) runs through all the non-zero paths \(p\) in \(\mathcal Q\) from \(x\) to \(y\). Observe that \(c_{x,y}\in\mathbb{Z}[\![X_\alpha\mid\alpha\in Q_1]\!]\) for all \(x,y\in Q_0\). In the article the authors show that \[ \det C_{\mathcal Q}^w=\frac{\prod_{p\in\mathcal Z(\mathcal Q)}(1-(-1)^{l(p)}w(p))}{\prod_{p\in\mathcal I(\mathcal Q)}(1-w(p))}. \] The main tool used in the proof is the following reduction step. Let \(\mathcal Q\) be a locally gentle quiver. A vertex \(x\) of \(Q\) is called exceptional if there are exactly four arrows incident to \(x\) and they all belong to the same cycle with full relations. Fix an arrow \(\alpha\colon x\to y\) in \(Q\) such that \(x\) is not exceptional. Let \(\mathcal Q'\) be the locally gentle quiver obtained from \(\mathcal Q\) by removing \(\alpha\). Moreover, if there exists an arrow \(\beta\colon z\to x\) such that \(\alpha\beta\not\in R\), then we change the terminating vertex of \(\beta\) to \(y\). Finally, we define \(w':Q_1' \to\mathbb{Z}[X_\alpha\mid\alpha\in Q_1]\) by \(w'(\gamma):=w(\gamma)\) for \(\gamma\neq\beta\) and \(w'(\beta):=w(\alpha\beta)\). If \(\mathcal C\) is the set of oriented cycles with full relations passing through \(x\), then \[ \det C_{\mathcal Q}^w=\prod_{p\in\mathcal C}(1-(-1)^{l(p)}w (p))\cdot\det C_{\mathcal Q'}^{w'}. \] The second technical tool is a duality result. For a locally gentle quiver \(\mathcal Q\) we define the dual quiver \(\mathcal Q^\#:=(Q,R^\#)\), where \(R^\#\) is the complement of \(R\) in the set of paths of length \(2\) in \(Q\). Then \(\det C_{\mathcal Q}^w\cdot\det C_{\mathcal Q^\#}^w=1\). The above two tools are sufficient to prove the main result in most of the cases. They are not sufficient to prove it for the critical locally gentle quivers, where a locally gentle quiver \(\mathcal Q\) is called critical if each vertex \(x\) is exceptional both in \(\mathcal Q\) and \(\mathcal Q^\#\). In this case the authors prove the main result directly. Moreover, the authors discuss a connection of the critical locally gentle quivers with the Harer-Zagier formula.

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