The Fredholm index of locally compact band-dominated operators on L^p (R)

DOI10.1007/S00020-006-1456-YMaRDI QIDQ2464696zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Steffen Roch, Vladimir Rabinovich

Publication date 17 December 2007

Published in Integral Equations and Operator Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0604128

band-dominated operators convolution operators Fredholm index limit operators Wiener-Hopf operators

Integral equations of the convolution type (Abel, Picard, Toeplitz and Wiener-Hopf type) (45E10) (Semi-) Fredholm operators; index theories (47A53) Integral operators (47G10)

Abstract: We establish a necessary and sufficient criterion for the Fredholmness of a general locally compact band-dominated operator

A

on

L^{p} (R)

and solve the long-standing problem of computing its Fredholm index in terms of the limit operators of

A

. The results are applied to operators of convolution type with almost periodic symbol.

Review text

Let $L(X)$ be the Banach algebra of all bounded linear operators acting on a Banach space $X$. For each $\varphi$ in $BUC$, the algebra of all bounded uniformly continuous functions on $\mathbb{R}$, and for each $t>0$, let $\varphi_t(x):=\varphi(tx)$. An operator $A\in L(L^p(\mathbb{R}))$ ($1<p<\infty$) is called band-dominated if \[ \lim_{t\to 0}\| A\varphi_tI-\varphi_tA\| =0 \text{ for every }\varphi\in BUC. \] Let ${\mathcal L}_p$ stand for the set of all locally compact band-dominated operators $A$ on $L^p(\mathbb{R})$, which means that $\varphi A$ and $A\varphi I$ are compact for every function $\varphi\in BUC$ of bounded support. An operator $A_h\in L(L^p(\mathbb{R}))$ is called a limit operator of $A\in L(L^p(\mathbb{R}))$ with respect to a sequence $h=\{h_n\}$ tending to $\infty$ as $n\to\infty$ if \[ \lim_{n\to\infty}\| (U_{-h_n}AU_{h_n}-A_h)\varphi I\| = \lim_{n\to\infty}\| \varphi(U_{-h_n}AU_{h_n}-A_h)\| =0 \] for every $\varphi\in BUC$ with bounded support, where $U_k\in L(L^p(\mathbb{R}))$ are given by $(U_kf)(x)=f(x-k)$, $k\in\mathbb{Z}$. Let $\sigma_+(A)$ and $\sigma_-(A)$ denote the sets of all limit operators of $A\in L(L^p(\mathbb{R}))$ with respect to sequences $h$ tending to $+\infty$ and $-\infty$, respectively; and let ${\mathcal L}_p^{\$}$ be the set of all operators $A\in{\mathcal L}_p$ possessing the property that every sequence $h$ tending to $\infty$ has a subsequence $g$ for which the limit operator $A_g$ exists. Main Theorem. Let $A=I+K$, where $K\in{\mathcal L}_p^{\$}$. (a) The operator $A$ is Fredholm on $L^p(\mathbb{R})$ if and only if all limit operators of $A$ are invertible and the norms of their inverses are uniformly bounded. (b) If $A$ is Fredholm, then for arbitrary operators $B_+\in\sigma_+(A)$ and $B_-\in\sigma_-(A)$, \[ \operatorname{ind} (\chi_+B_+\chi_+I)= \operatorname{ind} (\chi_+A\chi_+I), \quad \operatorname{ind} (\chi_-B_-\chi_-I)=\operatorname{ind} (\chi_-A\chi_-I), \] where $\chi_\pm$ are the characteristic functions of $\mathbb{R}_\pm$, and, consequently, \[ \operatorname{ind} A= \operatorname{ind} (\chi_+B_+\chi_+I)+ \operatorname{ind} (\chi_-B_-\chi_-I). \] This result is applied to operators of the form $aCbI$, where $C$ is a Fourier convolution operator with $L^1(\mathbb{R})$-kernel and $a,b$ are sums of periodic functions of period $1$ and functions slowly oscillating in the sense that \[ \lim_{t\to\pm\infty}\sup_{h\in[0,1]}| f(t)-f(t+h)| =0. \]

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