On Picard-Vessiot extensions with group PGL₃
Let \(\mathcal C\) be an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero and \(a,b, x_i, y_j, z_k\), \(1 \leq i,j \leq 2\), \(1 \leq k \leq 3\) differential indeterminate over it, and \(\mathcal F\) be the differential field they generate over \(\mathcal C\). The nine-dimensional central simple algebra over \(\mathcal F\) with symbol \((a,b / \mathcal F)_3\) is non-split, and hence the corresponding element of \(H^2(\mathcal F, \mathbb G_m) = H^1(\mathcal F, \text{PGL}_3)\) is non-trivial. Elements of \(H^1(\mathcal F, \text{PGL}_3)\) also classify \(\text{PGL}_3\) torseurs over \(\mathcal F\). Let \(Y\) be the (non-trivial) torseur corresponding to \((a,b / \mathcal F)_3\), and \(\mathcal E\) its function field. The authors prove that \(\mathcal E\) has a natural differential structure such that \(\mathcal E \supset \mathcal F\) is a Picard-Vessiot extension with group \(\text{PGL}_3(\mathcal C)\), and furthermore that this extension is generic, in an appropriate sense, for all Picard-Vessiot extensions \(E \supset F\) with group \(\text{PGL}_3(\mathcal C)\), for all \(F\) such that \(\mathcal C\) is its field of constants.
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