Polynomials associated with dihedral groups

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Publication:2473449



Abstract: There is a commutative algebra of differential-difference operators, with two parameters, associated to any dihedral group with an even number of reflections. The intertwining operator relates this algebra to the algebra of partial derivatives. This paper presents an explicit form of the action of the intertwining operator on polynomials by use of harmonic and Jacobi polynomials. The last section of the paper deals with parameter values for which the formulae have singularities.


The author studies the dihedral group of type \(I_2(2s)\) of order \(4s\) acting on \(\mathbb R^2\) and the differential-difference operators (`Dunkl' operators) from the associated commutative group with two parameters \(\kappa_0\), \(\kappa_1\) \[ \begin{aligned} Tf(z)&:= {\partial \over\partial z}\,f(z) + \kappa_0\, \sum_{j=0}^{s-1}\, {f(z)-f({\overline{z}}\omega^{2j})\over z-{\overline{z}}\omega^{2j}} + \kappa_1\,\sum_{j=0}^{s-1}\, {f(z)-f({\overline{z}}\omega^{2j+1}) \over z-{\overline{z}}\omega^{2j+1}},\\ {\overline{T}}f(z)&:= {\partial \over\partial \overline{z}}\,f(z) - \kappa_0\,\sum_{j=0}^{s-1}\, {f(z)-f({\overline{z}}\omega^{2j})\over z-{\overline{z}}\omega^{2j}}\,\omega^{2j} - \kappa_1\,\sum_{j=0}^{s-1}\, {f(z)-f({\overline{z}}\omega^{2j+1}) \over z-{\overline{z}}\omega^{2j+1}}\,\omega^{2j+1}. \end{aligned} \] The operators act on polynomials \(f(z)\), where this has to be understood as a function of the complex coordinates \(z=x_1+ix_2\) and \({\overline{z}}=x_1-ix_2\) for \(\mathbb R^2\). The aim of the paper is now to find an explicit form for the intertwining operator \(V\): the unique linear transformation that maps homogeneous polynomials to homogeneous polynomials of the same degree and, moreover, satisfies \[ TVf(z)=V{\partial\over\partial z}f(z),\quad {\overline{T}}f(z)= V{\partial\over\partial{\overline{z}}}f(z),\quad V1=1. \] For the reflection operator one can consult \textit{C. F. Dunkl} in [Invariant theory and tableaux, Proc. Workshop, Minneapolis/MN (USA) 1988, IMA Vol. Math. Appl. 19, 107--117 (1990; Zbl 0719.33008)] and for the background for this paper the reader is referred to [\textit{C. F. Dunkl} and \textit{Y. Xu}, Orthogonal polynomials of several variables. Encyclopedia of Mathematics and Its Applications. 81. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (2001; Zbl 0964.33001)]. The paper then gives, after introduction of the Poisson (reproducing) kernel \[ K_n(z,w)={1\over 2^n n!}\,V^z\left((z\overline{w}+\overline{z}w)^n\right), \] (\(V^z\) indicates that \(V\) is acting on \(z\)) the explicit form of the action of \(V\) on the polynomials \(z^a\overline{z}^b)\) for \(a-b\equiv t\pmod{s}\), \(1\leq t<s\), \(a>b\) [Theorem 1] and for \(a\equiv b\pmod{s}\), \(a\geq b\) [Theorem 2]. Finally, the paper discusses the case of the pairs \((\kappa_0,\kappa_1)\in\mathbb C^2\) for which \(V\) is not defined on all polynomials in \(z,\overline{z}\) and the author shows for \(n,m\in\mathbb N\) the kernel \(K_n(z,w)\) has a removable singularity at \(\kappa_0+\kappa_1=-m\).











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