Exclusive traveling waves for competitive reaction-diffusion systems and their stabilities

Stability in context of PDEs (35B35) Asymptotic behavior of solutions to PDEs (35B40) Initial value problems for second-order parabolic systems (35K45) Reaction-diffusion equations (35K57)

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The reviewed article deals with traveling wave solutions of the system describing two interacting species with diffusive effects \[ \begin{cases} u_t= du_{xx}+u(a_1-b_1u-c_1v),\\ v_t= dv_{xx}+v(a_2-b_2u-c_2v), \end{cases}\quad (x,t)\in \mathbb R\times [0,\infty), \tag{1} \] where \(u=u(x,t)\), \(v=v(x,t)\); and \(d\), \(a_i\), \(b_i\), \(c_i\) are positive constants. Following hypotheses are assumed: \(\frac{a_2}{b_2}<\frac{a_1}{b_1}\) and \(\frac{a_2}{c_2}<\frac{a_1}{c_1}\). The authors study existence and uniqueness, asymptotics and stability of the traveling wave solutions of the form \((u(\sqrt{\mathstrut\frac{a_1}{d}}x+ca_1t), v(\sqrt{\mathstrut\frac{a_1}{d}}x+ca_1t))\) joining the equilibria \((0,\frac{a_2}{c_2})\) and \((\frac{a_1}{b_1},0)\) as \(\sqrt{\mathstrut\frac{a_1}{d}}x+ca_1t\) moves from \(-\infty\) to \(\infty\). After appropriate affine transformation of equation (1) into monotone form the existence of traveling wave solution is proved on the base of upper-lower solutions method. Then the stability of traveling wave solution is investigated by the local method of spectral analysis. In general in the usual spaces of continuous functions traveling wave solutions with initial perturbation are unstable. By careful examination of asymptotic rates of the traveling wave appropriate weighted Banach spaces are constructed such that the continuous spectrum of linearized operator is contained in the left-half plane. Then asymptotic stability in the weighted norm follows.

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