Convolution sums of some functions on divisors

in Ramanujan's theory of elliptic functions. Using these formulas, we derive some identities from which we can deduce convolution sum identities. We discuss some formulae for determining

r_{s} (n)

and

d e l t a_{s} (n)

,

s = 4,

8

, in terms of

w i d e t i l d e s i g m a (n)

,

w i d e h a t s i g m a (n)

, and

w i d e t i l d e {s i g m a}_{3} (n)

, where

r_{s} (n)

denotes the number of representations of

n

as a sum of

s

squares and

d e l t a_{s} (n)

denotes the number of representations of

n

as a sum of

s

triangular numbers. Finally, we find some partition congruences by using the notion of colored partitions.

Review text

For \(s,n\in\mathbb{N}\), let \(\widetilde{\sigma}_s(n)=\sum_{d| n}(-1)^{d-1}d^s\) and \(\widehat{\sigma}_s(n)=\sum_{d| n}(-1)^{(n/d)-1}d^s\), with \(\widetilde{\sigma}_1(n)=\widetilde{\sigma}(n)\), \(\widehat{\sigma}_1(n)=\widehat{\sigma}(n)\) and \(\widetilde{\sigma}_s(n)=\widehat{\sigma}_s(n)=0\) if \(n\notin\mathbb{N}\). One of the goals of this paper is to establish convolution sums involving \(\widetilde{\sigma}_s\) and \(\widehat{\sigma}_s\) for certain \(s\); the author does this by defining three functions \(\mathcal{P}(q)\), \(\mathcal{E}(q)\) and \(\mathcal{Q}(q)\) related by \(\widetilde{\sigma}_s\) and \(\widehat{\sigma}_s\), and then considering differential equations that are satisfied by these functions. The author also derives some representations of the infinite series related by the functions \(\mathcal{P}(q)\), \(\mathcal{E}(q)\) and \(\mathcal{Q}(q)\), such as \(\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}(-1)^{n-1}n^m/\sinh(ny)\) for \(m=3,5,7\). Let \(r_s(n)\) and \(\delta_s(n)\) be the number of representations of \(n\) as a sum of \(s\) squares and \(s\) triangular numbers, respectively, the author shows that \(r_4(n)=16\,\widehat{\sigma}(n/2)+8\,\widehat{\sigma}(n)\), \(\delta_4(n)=\widetilde{\sigma}(2n+1)\), \(r_8(n)=16(-1)^{n-1}\widetilde{\sigma}_3(n)\), and \(8\delta_8(n)=\widetilde{\sigma}_3(n+1)-\widetilde{\sigma}_3(2(n+1))\). Finally, the author finds some partition congruences by using the notion of colored partition; more precisely, it is shown that for \(\mu(n)\) and \(\nu(n)\) defined by the relations \(\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\mu(n)q^n=\prod_{n=1}^{\infty}(1-q^n)^8(1-q^{2n})^8\) and \(\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\nu(n)q^n=\prod_{n=1}^{\infty}(1-q^{2n})^8(1+q^n)^8\), one has \(\mu(3n-1)\equiv 0\pmod{3}\) and \(\nu(n-1)\equiv\widetilde{\sigma}_3(n)\pmod{3}\). In many proofs, the author uses the procedure duplication in the theory of elliptic functions, which allows us to deduce a ``new formula from the ``old one.

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