Flat faces in punctured torus groups
Special aspects of infinite or finite groups (20F99) Hyperbolic and elliptic geometries (general) and generalizations (51M10) Spherical and hyperbolic convexity (52A55) Non-Euclidean differential geometry (53A35) Topological methods in group theory (57M07) General geometric structures on low-dimensional manifolds (57M50)
The main idea of the paper comes from the canonical triangulation of a cusped manifold that is considered in dimensions 2 and 3. This triangulation can be constructed considering the convex hull of the cusps of the manifold in question in Minkowski space [\textit{D. B. A. Epstein} and \textit{R. C. Penner}, J. Differ. Geom. 27, No. 1, 67--80 (1988; Zbl 0611.53036)]. This paper attempts to understand the convex hull in the case of punctured torus groups. The last ones are defined as \(\Delta(u^2,2\tau)\). They are subgroups of PSL\((2,\mathbb R)\) with generators \(g_1=\left(\begin{smallmatrix} -1 + \tau)/B & u^2/B\\ 1/B & 1/B\end{smallmatrix}\right)\) and \(g_2=\left(\begin{smallmatrix} u/B & u/B\\1/uB & (\tau-u^2)/B\end{smallmatrix}\right)\), where \(B =\sqrt{-1+\tau-u_2}\). The main theorems are the following. 1. Let \(0 < u^2 < 1/2\). No two nonarithmetic groups in \(\Delta(u^2,4)\) are commensurable. 2. Let \(C\) be the convex hull of a punctured torus group in Minkowski space. If \(\partial C\) is composed of rectangles, then the axes of the geodesics which identify opposite sides of these rectangles meet at right angles.
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