Refined asymptotics around solitons for gKdV equations

Stability in context of PDEs (35B35) Asymptotic behavior of solutions to PDEs (35B40) Soliton equations (35Q51) KdV equations (Korteweg-de Vries equations) (35Q53)

Abstract: We consider the generalized Korteweg-de Vries equation

partial_t u + partial_x (partial_x^2 u + f(u))=0, quad (t,x)in [0,T) imes mathbb{R}

with general

C^{2}

nonlinearity

f

. Under an explicit condition on

f

and

c > 0

, there exists a solution in the energy space

H^{1}

of the type

u (t, x) = Q_{c} (x - x_{0} - c t)

, called soliton. Stability theory for

Q_{c}

is well-known. In previous works, we have proved that for

f (u) = u^{p}

,

p = 2, 3, 4

, the family of solitons is asymptotically stable in some local sense in

H^{1}

, i.e. if

u (t)

is close to

Q_{c}

(for all

t g e q 0

), then

u (t, . + h o (t))

locally converges in the energy space to some

Q_{c_{+}}

as

t o + i n f t y

, for some

c^{+} s i m c

. Then, the asymptotic stability result could be extended to the case of general assumptions on

f

and

Q_{c}

. The objective of this paper is twofold. The main objective is to prove that in the case

f (u) = u^{p}

,

p = 2, 3, 4

,

h o (t) - c_{+} t

has limit as

t o + i n f t y

under the additional assumption

x_{+} u i n L^{2}

. The second objective of this paper is to provide large time stability and asymptotic stability results for two soliton solutions for the case of general nonlinearity

f (u)

, when the ratio of the speeds of the solitons is small. The motivation is to accompany forthcoming works devoted to the collision of two solitons in the nonintegrable case. The arguments are refinements of previous works specialized to the case

u (t) s i m Q_{c_{1}} + Q_{c_{2}}

, for

0 < c_{2} l l c_{1}

.

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