Symmetric subalgebras noncohomologous to zero in a complex semisimple Lie algebra and restrictions of symmetric invariants
Let \(\mathfrak g\) be a finite-dimensional reductive complex Lie algebra. If \(\theta \) is an involutory automorphism of \(\mathfrak g\), then the pair \((\mathfrak g,\theta)\) is called an involutory Lie algebra. Also, \(\mathfrak k\) is a symmetric subalgebra in \(\mathfrak g\), if \(\mathfrak k\) is the set fixed by an involutory automorphism of \(\mathfrak g\). Let \((\mathfrak g,\theta)\) be a semisimple involutory Lie algebra and \((\mathfrak g,\mathfrak k)\) the corresponding symmetric pair. Let \(\mathfrak h\) be a fundamental Cartan subalgebra of \((\mathfrak g,\theta)\) containing a Cartan subalgebra \(\mathfrak h\) of \(\mathfrak k\). The semisimple involutory Lie algebras \((\mathfrak g,\theta)\) with the symmetric subalgebra \(\mathfrak k\) noncohomologous to zero in \(\mathfrak g\) are completely classified by showing that \(\mathfrak k\) is noncohomologous to zero in \(\mathfrak g\) if and only if the \(\operatorname{Spin}\nu \) representation of \((\mathfrak g, \theta)\) is primary. Based on this result the author determines the image of the restriction map \(S(\mathfrak h^*)^{W(\mathfrak g,\mathfrak h)}\to S(\mathfrak t^*)^{W(\mathfrak k,\mathfrak t)}\), where \(W(\mathfrak g,\mathfrak h)\) and \(W(\mathfrak k,\mathfrak t)\) are the respective Weyl groups.
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