Spectral stability of Dirichlet second order uniformly elliptic operators

DOI10.1016/J.JDE.2007.12.009MaRDI QIDQ2482090zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Pier Domenico Lamberti, Victor I. Burenkov

Publication date 16 April 2008

Published in Journal of Differential Equations (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jde.2007.12.009

Dirichlet boundary conditions domain perturbation elliptic equations sharp estimates stability of eigenvalues

Boundary value problems for second-order elliptic equations (35J25) Estimates of eigenvalues in context of PDEs (35P15) Eigenvalue problems for linear operators (47A75) Linear symmetric and selfadjoint operators (unbounded) (47B25) General theory of partial differential operators (47F05)

Review text

It is considered second order uniformly elliptic operators of the type \[ - \sum_{i, j = 1}^{N} \frac{\partial}{\partial\, x_i} \left(a_{i, j}(x) \frac{\partial\, u}{\partial\, x_j}\right),\quad x\in \Omega, \tag{1} \] with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions under assumption that bounded measurable real-valued functions satisfy the symmetry conditions \(a_{i, j} = a_{j, i}\), \(i, j = 1,\dots, N\), and uniform ellipticity condition \[ \sum_{i, j = 1}^{N} a_{i, j}(x) \xi_i \xi_j \geq \theta |\xi|^2. \] The operator introduced in (1) is interpreted as the operator \(H_{\Omega}\) acting on \(L^2(\Omega)\) and canonically associated with the sesquilinear form \[ Q_{\Omega}(u, v) = \int \left(\sum_{i, j = 1}^{N} a_{i, j}(x) \frac{\partial u}{\partial x_i} \frac{\partial \bar{v}}{\partial x_j}\right) dx, \quad \forall u, v\in W_{0}^{1, 2} (\Omega). \] The domain of square root \(H_{\Omega}^{1/2}\) of \(H_{\Omega}\) is \(W_{0}^{1, 2} (\Omega)\) and \[ \left(H_{\Omega}^{1/2} u, H_{\Omega}^{1/2} v\right)_{L^2(\Omega)} = Q_{\Omega}(u, v), \quad \forall u, v\in W_{0}^{1, 2} (\Omega). \] \(H_{\Omega}\) has a compact resolvent and its spectrum consists of a non-decreasing sequence \(\lambda_n[\Omega],\, n\in {\mathbb N}\), of positive eigenvalues of finite multiplicity, such that \(\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty} \lambda_n[\Omega] = \infty\). The paper is devoted to spectral stability of the operator \(H_{\Omega}\). It is used an approach dealing with direct qualified estimates for difference \(\lambda_n[\Omega_1] - \lambda_n[\Omega_2]\) for general \(\Omega_1, \Omega_2\). At first, it is supposed that an open set \(\Omega_1\) belong to a fixed general family of bounded open sets with Lipschitz continuous boundaries and that derivatives of the eigenfunctions of \(H_{\Omega_1}\) belong to \(L^p(\Omega_1)\) for some \(2 < p \leq \infty\). Under these assumptions it is proved that there exist \(c_n, \varepsilon_n > 0\) such that \[ \lambda_n[\Omega_1] \leq \lambda_n[\Omega_2] \leq \lambda_n[\Omega_1] + c_n \left|\Omega_1 \setminus \Omega_2\right|^{1-2/p} \] for all open set \(\Omega_2\) from the same family, \(\Omega_2 \subset \Omega_1\), \(\left|\Omega_1 \setminus \Omega_2\right| < \varepsilon_n\). Deformations \(\Omega_2\) of \(\Omega_1\) not necessarily containing in \(\Omega_1\) are also considered. In particular, for Lipschitz continuous coefficients \(a_{i, j}\) and families of open sets of class \(C^{1, 1}\) it is proved that the following holds: \[ \left|\lambda_n[\Omega_1] - \lambda_n[\Omega_2]\right| \leq c_n \left|\Omega_1 \triangle \Omega_2\right|, \] where \(\left|\Omega_1 \triangle \Omega_2\right| < \varepsilon_n\). The general spectral stability theorem (by V. A. Il'in and L. A. Šišmarev) is applied in order to obtain the above results. The second part of the paper is devoted to estimates which hold under much less regularity assumptions on open sets. It is proved that for \(\Omega \equiv \Omega_1\) being an arbitrary open set, \(\Omega_2 = \varphi(\Omega)\) with bi-Lipschitz transformation \(\varphi\), in the case of Lipschitz continuous coefficients \(a_{i, j}\) there exists \(c > 0\) such that for all \(n\in {\mathbb N}\) \[ \left|\lambda_n[\Omega] - \lambda_n[\varphi(\Omega)]\right| \leq c \lambda_n[\Omega] \|\varphi - id\|_{W^{1, \infty}(\Omega)}. \] By applying this estimate it is shown that for an open set \(\Omega_1\) of class \(C^{0,\gamma},\, 0 < \gamma \leq 1,\) there exist \(C, E > 0\) such that for all \(n\in {\mathbb N}\) \[ \left|\lambda_n[\Omega_1] - \lambda_n[\Omega_2]\right| \leq C \lambda_n[\Omega_1] \varepsilon^\gamma, \] for all \(0 < \varepsilon < E\) and for all open sets \(\Omega_2\), satisfying \((\Omega_1)_{\varepsilon} \subset \Omega_2 \subset \Omega_1^{\varepsilon}\).

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