Topological symmetry groups of graphs embedded in the 3-sphere

DOI10.4171/CMH/16MaRDI QIDQ2483783zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Erica Flapan, Ramin Naimi, James Pommersheim, Harry Tamvakis

Publication date 1 August 2005

Published in Commentarii Mathematici Helvetici (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL http://www.ems-ph.org/journals/show_abstract.php?issn=0010-2571&vol=80&iss=2&rank=3

zbMATH Keywords

3-connected graphautomorphism groupmanifoldspatial graph

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Planar graphs; geometric and topological aspects of graph theory (05C10) Graphs and abstract algebra (groups, rings, fields, etc.) (05C25) Relations of low-dimensional topology with graph theory (57M15)

Review text

For a graph embedded in the 3-sphere there are two natural symmetry groups: On the one hand we have the abstract automorphism group Aut and on the other hand the group TSG\(_+\) of orientation preserving homeomorphisms of the ambient 3-sphere preserving the graph. In general the latter is much smaller than the former. In the paper their relationship is studied quite extensively. By Theorem 1 TSG\(_+\) can be a simple group only in the cases of the alternating group or a cyclic group of prime order. Theorem 2 states that for a 3-connected embedded graph TSG\(_+\) is isomorphic to a finite subgroup of the group of orientation preserving diffeomorphisms of the 3-sphere. By Theorem 3 every finite subgroup of the diffeomorphism group can be realized by an embedding of a complete bipartite graph \(K_{n,n}\) for some \(n\). The proofs are quite involved and make use of group theory, graph theory and topology.

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• The minimal dimension of a sphere with an equivariant embedding of the bouquet of \(g\) circles is \(2g-1\)
• Realization of graph symmetries through spatial embeddings into the 3-sphere
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• Topological symmetry groups of small complete graphs
• Cyclically symmetric hyperbolic spatial graphs in 3-manifolds
• Equivariant embeddings of manifolds into Euclidean spaces
• Topological symmetry groups of complete bipartite graphs
• TOPOLOGICAL SYMMETRY GROUPS OF COMPLETE GRAPHS IN THE 3-SPHERE
• Spatial graphs with local knots
• On large groups of symmetries of finite graphs embedded in spheres
• Recent developments in spatial graph theory
• RIGIDITY OF GRAPH SYMMETRIES IN THE 3-SPHERE
• Topological symmetry groups of graphs in 3-manifolds
• Symmetries of spatial graphs in 3-manifolds
• Topological symmetry groups of the Petersen graph
• Topological symmetry groups of Möbius ladders
• Automorphisms of the 3-sphere that preserve spatial graphs and handlebody-knots
• Complete graphs whose topological symmetry groups are polyhedral
• Topological symmetry groups of the generalized Petersen graphs
• Embedding periodic maps of surfaces into those of spheres with minimal dimensions
• Complete bipartite graphs whose topological symmetry groups are polyhedral

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