Optimal SL(2)-homomorphisms.

DOI10.4171/CMH/19MaRDI QIDQ2483786zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors George McNinch

Publication date 1 August 2005

Published in Commentarii Mathematici Helvetici (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0309385, http://www.ems-ph.org/journals/show_abstract.php?issn=0010-2571&vol=80&iss=2&rank=3

zbMATH Keywords

completely reducible subgroupsgeometric invariant theoryLie algebraslinear representationsnilpotent orbitsoptimal cocharactersprincipal homomorphismsreductive groupsSpringer isomorphismsweights

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Geometric invariant theory (14L24) Group actions on varieties or schemes (quotients) (14L30) Lie algebras of linear algebraic groups (17B45) Automorphisms of infinite groups (20E36) Conjugacy classes for groups (20E45) Representation theory for linear algebraic groups (20G05) Linear algebraic groups over arbitrary fields (20G15)

Abstract: Let G be a semisimple group over an algebraically closed field of very good characteristic for G. In the context of geometric invariant theory, G. Kempf has associated optimal cocharacters of G to an unstable vector in a linear G-representation. If the nilpotent element X in Lie(G) lies in the image of the differential of a homomorphism SL(2) --> G, we say that homomorphism is optimal for X, or simply optimal, provided that its restriction to a suitable torus of SL(2) is optimal for X in Kempf's sense. We show here that any two SL(2)-homomorphisms which are optimal for X are conjugate under the connected centralizer of X. This implies, for example, that there is a unique conjugacy class of principal homomorphisms for G. We show that the image of an optimal SL(2)-homomorphism is a completely reducible subgroup of G; this is a notion defined recently by J-P. Serre. Finally, if G is defined over the (arbitrary) subfield K of k, and if X in Lie(G)(K) is a K-rational nilpotent element whose p-th power is 0, we show that there is an optimal homomorphism for X which is defined over K.

Review text

Let \(G\) be a semisimple group over an algebraically closed field of `very good' characteristic \(p\). Let \(\varphi\colon\text{SL}_2\to G\) be a homomorphism and put \(X=d\varphi\left(\begin{smallmatrix} 0&1\\ 0&0\end{smallmatrix}\right)\). Then \(X\) is an unstable vector in the sense of geometric invariant theory. Now \(\varphi\) is called optimal for \(X\) if the cocharacter \({\mathbf G}_m\to G\) which one gets by identifying \({\mathbf G}_m\) with the diagonal subgroup of \(\text{SL}_2\) is optimal in the sense of Kempf and Rousseau. It is shown that two optimal \(\text{SL}_2\)-homomorphisms are conjugate under the connected centralizer of \(X\). Applying this to the case that \(X\) is a regular nilpotent one deduces that there is a unique conjugacy class of principal homomorphisms \(\text{SL}_2\to G\). It is shown that the image of an optimal homomorphism is a completely reducible subgroup in the sense of Serre. It is also shown that optimal homomorphisms are good in the sense of Seitz, meaning that all weights of \({\mathbf G}_m\) in \(\text{Lie}(G)\) are \(\leq 2p-2\). Moreover the \(\text{SL}_2\)-module \(\text{Lie}(G)\) is tilting. Finally rationality questions are treated. In an appendix Serre discusses Springer isomorphisms from the variety of unipotent elements in \(G\) to the variety of nilpotent elements in \(\text{Lie}(G)\).

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Cited in

(38)

• Nilpotent centralizers and Springer isomorphisms.
• Optimal subgroups and applications to nilpotent elements
• Unipotent elements and generalized exponential maps
• Saturation rank for finite group schemes: finite groups and infinitesimal group schemes
• Jordan blocks of nilpotent elements in some irreducible representations of classical groups in good characteristic
• Nilpotent elements and reductive subgroups over a local field
• Nilpotent orbits of orthogonal groups over \(p\)-adic fields, and the DeBacker parametrization
• Unitriangular shape of decomposition matrices of unipotent blocks
• On the Humphreys conjecture on support varieties of tilting modules
• Rational points and orbits on the variety of elementary subalgebras
• On exponentiation and infinitesimal one-parameter subgroups of reductive groups.
• On the centralizer of the sum of commuting nilpotent elements.
• Maximal subalgebras of Cartan type in the exceptional Lie algebras
• Central subalgebras of the centralizer of a nilpotent element
• On the smoothness of centralizers in reductive groups.
• GENERALIZED GELFAND–GRAEV REPRESENTATIONS IN SMALL CHARACTERISTICS
• Centres of centralizers of unipotent elements in simple algebraic groups.
• Completely reducible $\operatorname{SL}(2)$-homomorphisms
• On Cocharacters Associated to Nilpotent Elements of Reductive Groups
• The Centralizer of a Nilpotent Section
• Some good-filtration subgroups of simple algebraic groups.
• Surjectivity of certain word maps on \(\mathrm{PSL}(2,\mathbb {C})\) and \(\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb {C})\)
• Classification of the maximal subalgebras of exceptional Lie algebras over fields of good characteristic
• On the semisimplicity of reductions and adelic openness for \(E\)-rational compatible systems over global function fields
• Support varieties for rational representations.
• On nilpotent orbits of \(\mathrm{SL}_{n}\) and \(\mathrm{Sp}_{2n}\) over a local non-Archimedean field
• Support varieties for modules over Chevalley groups and classical Lie algebras
• Integration questions in separably good characteristics
• Existence of moduli spaces for algebraic stacks
• Integral exotic sheaves and the modular Lusztig–Vogan bijection
• On \(\mathfrak{sl}_2\)-triples for classical algebraic groups in positive characteristic
• Number of cuspidal automorphic representations and Hitchin's moduli spaces
• Unitriangularity of decomposition matrices of the unipotent -blocks for simple adjoint exceptional groups
• Monogamous subvarieties of the nilpotent cone
• On good A₁ subgroups, Springer maps, and overgroups of distinguished unipotent elements in reductive groups
• Étale geometry of closures of Jordan classes
• Involutions of reductive Lie algebras in positive characteristic
• Springer isomorphisms in characteristic p

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