On the stability of limit cycles for planar differential systems

Abstract: We consider a planar differential system

d o t x = P (x, y)

,

d o t y = Q (x, y)

, where

P

and

Q

are

m a t h c a l C^{1}

functions in some open set

m a t h c a l U s u b s e t e q m a t h b b R^{2}

, and

d o t = f r a c d d t

. Let

g a m m a

be a periodic orbit of the system in

m a t h c a l U

. Let

f (x, y) : m a t h c a l U s u b s e t e q m a t h b b R^{2} o m a t h b b R

be a

m a t h c a l C^{1}

function such that [ P(x,y) frac{partial f}{partial x}(x,y) + Q(x,y) frac{partial f}{partial y} (x,y) = k(x,y) f(x,y), ] where

k (x, y)

is a

m a t h c a l C^{1}

function in

m a t h c a l U

and

g a m m a s u b s e t e q (x, y) | f (x, y) = 0

. We assume that if

p i n m a t h c a l U

is such that

f (p) = 0

and

a b l a f (p) = 0

, then

p

is a singular point. We prove that

i n t_{0}^{T} (f r a c p a r t i a l P p a r t i a l x + f r a c p a r t i a l Q p a r t i a l y) (g a m m a (t)) d t = i n t_{0}^{T} k (g a m m a (t)) d t

, where

T > 0

is the period of

g a m m a

. As an application, we take profit from this equality to show the hyperbolicity of the known algebraic limit cycles of quadratic systems.

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