A general resonance theory based on Mourre's inequality

Abstract: We study the perturbation of bound states embedded in the continuous spectrum which are unstable by the Fermi Golden Rule. The approach to resonance theory based on spectral deformation is extended to a more general class of quantum systems characterized by Mourre's inequality and smoothness of the resolvent. Within the framework of perturbation theory it is still possible to give a definite meaning to the notion of complex resonance energies and of corresponding metastable states. The main result is a quasi-exponential decay estimate up to a controlled error of higher order in perturbation theory.

Review text

The authors treat resonance theory: If \(H\varphi=\lambda\varphi\) describes the original bound state \(\varphi\) with a simple eigenvalue \(\lambda\) embedded in the continuous spectrum of \(H\), unstable by the Fermi golden rule, and if \(H\) is perturbed into \(H_\kappa=H+\kappa V\), \(\kappa\to 0\), then \(\lambda\) splits into a complex conjugate pair \(\lambda_\kappa\) of resonances which dominate the perturbed evolution of \(\varphi\). Let \(E_\Delta(H)\) be the spectral projection of \(H\) for the interval \(\Delta\), and \(K\) be the compact operator. Mourre's operator inequality \(E_\Delta(H)i[H,A]E_\Delta(H)\geq\theta E_\Delta(H)+K\), \(\lambda\in \Delta\), is used under the condition \(e^{isA}{\mathfrak D}(H)\subset {\mathfrak D}(H)\). Next let \(-\text{ad}_A^{(2)}(H)\equiv [i[H,A],A]\). Assume that \(\text{ad}_A^{(k)}(H)\), \(\text{ad}_A^{(k)}(V)\), \((k=0,\dots,\nu)\), exist as \(H\)-bounded operators. They prove the following theorem: Suppose that \(\nu\geq n+5\). There is a function \(g\in {\mathfrak C}_0^\infty(\Delta)\) with \(g=1\) near \(\lambda\) such that \((\varphi,e^{-i H_\kappa t}g (H_\kappa)\varphi)=a(\kappa)e^{-\lambda_\kappa t}+b(\kappa,t)\), \(t \geq 0\). For small \(\kappa\), \(|a(\kappa)|\leq c\kappa^2\), \[ |b(\kappa,t)| \leq c\kappa^2 |\log|\kappa||(1+t)^{-n}\leq c\kappa^2(1+t)^{-(n-1)}. \] \[ \lambda_\kappa=\lambda+ \kappa(\varphi,V\varphi)+\kappa^2F (\lambda+i0,0)+O(\kappa^2), \] and in particular, \(\Im \lambda_\kappa<0\).

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