A note on extreme cases of Sobolev embeddings

Spaces of measurable functions ((L^p)-spaces, Orlicz spaces, Köthe function spaces, Lorentz spaces, rearrangement invariant spaces, ideal spaces, etc.) (46E30) Sobolev spaces and other spaces of ``smooth functions, embedding theorems, trace theorems (46E35)

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It is well-known that the extreme case of the classical Sobolev embedding, \(W^r_{n/r}(\mathbb R^n) \subseteq L^\infty(\mathbb R^n)\), is, in general, false. The paper provides a variation of this extreme case, the main novelty of which seems to be the fact that \(W^r_{n/r}(\mathbb R^n)\) is replaced by an anisotropic space. To state the main result, we need some preparation. Let \(f\) be a measurable function with domain \(\mathbb R^n\). We denote by \(f^*\) its non-increasing rearrangement and set, for \(t > 0\), \(f^{**}(t):= t^{-1}\int_0^t f^*(u)\,du\). If \(0 < p, q < \infty\), we define the Lorentz space \(L^{q,p}(\mathbb R^n)\) as \[ L^{q,p}(\mathbb R^n) = \left\{f : \|f\|_{q,p} = \left(\int_0^\infty (t^{1/q} f^*(t))^p \,{dt \over t}\right)^{1/p} < \infty\right\}. \] If \(q > 0\), \(L(\infty, q)(\mathbb R^n)\) is defined as \[ L(\infty, q)(\mathbb R^n) = \left\{f : \|f\|_{L(\infty,q)} = \left(\int_0^\infty [f^{**}(t) - f^*(t)] \,{dt \over t}\right)^{1/q} < \infty\right\}. \] It is known that, if \(0 < p < s\), \(L^{q,p} \subseteq L^{q,s}\), while \(L^{q,q} = L^q\). Moreover, \(L^\infty \subseteq L(\infty, q)\). Then, the main result is the following. Let \(n \geq 2\), for \(j = 1,\dots,n\), \(r_j \in \mathbb N\), \(1 \leq p_j, s_j < \infty\), \(s_j = 1\) if \(p_j = 1\). Set \[ r:= n\left(\sum_{j=1}^n r_j^{-1}\right)^{-1}, \quad p:= {n \over r}\left(\sum_{j=1}^n (p_jr_j)^{-1}\right)^{-1}, \quad s:= {n \over r}\left(\sum_{j=1}^n (s_jr_j)^{-1}\right)^{-1}. \] Let \(f\) be measurable in \(\mathbb R^n\). Then, for some \(c > 0\) independent of \(f\), \[ \|f\|_{L(\infty,s)} \leq c \sum_{j=1}^n \|D_j^{r_j} f\|_{p_j,s_j}. \]

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