A cooperative system which does not satisfy the limit set dichotomy

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Publication:2493087



Abstract: The fundamental property of strongly monotone systems, and strongly cooperative systems in particular, is the limit set dichotomy due to Hirsch: if x(0) < y(0), then either omega(x) < omega(y), or omega(x) = omega(y) and both sets consist of equilibria. We provide here a counterexample showing that this property need not hold for (non-strongly) cooperative systems.


According to the limit set dichotomy of \textit{M. W. Hirsch} and \textit{H. Smith} [Monotone dynamical systems. A. Cañada (ed.) et al., Ordinary differential equations. Vol. II. Amsterdam: Elsevier/North Holland. Handbook of Differential Equations, 239--357 (2005; Zbl 1094.34003)], a strongly monotone system satisfies either \(\omega(x)<\omega(y)\) or \(\omega(x)=\omega (y)\) if \(x<y\). In this paper, the authors give an example showing that this dichotomy does not hold in general for (non-strongly) monotone systems, and orders induced by polyhedral cones. To this end, the authors construct an example of a system of differential equations with quasimonotone increasing right-hand side (with respect to the coordinate cone) such that \(\omega(x)\neq \omega(y)\) and \(\omega (x)\cap\omega(y)\neq\emptyset\) for certain initial values \(x,y\) with \(x<y\).











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