On the dimension formula for the hyperfunction solutions of some holonomic D-modules

Sheaves of differential operators and their modules, (D)-modules (32C38) Monodromy; relations with differential equations and (D)-modules (complex-analytic aspects) (32S40) Microlocal methods and methods of sheaf theory and homological algebra applied to PDEs (35A27)

Abstract: In this short note we improve a dimension formula of Takeuchi for the dimension of the hyperfunction solutions of some holonomic D-modules. Besides the constructibility result and local index formula of Kashiwara for the holomorphic solution complex, we only use a vanishing theorem of Lebeau together with a simple calculation in terms of constructible functions.

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Let \(M\) be a real analytic manifold, \(X\) its complexification, \(i : M \hookrightarrow X\) the closed inclusion. Let \(\{M_j\}\) be a finite family of real analytic submanifold of \(M\), \(Y_j\) the complexification of \(M_j\), and \(\mathcal{M}\) a holonomic \(D\)-module on \(X\) such that its characteristic variety satisfies \(\text{char}\; (\mathcal{M}) \subset \cup_j T^*_{Y_j} X\). Assuming that the \(Y_j\) are irreducible with \(Y_j \cap M = M_j\) the author proves that, for every \(x \in M\) \[ \dim_{\mathbb{C}}(\text{hom}_{i^*D_X} (i^*M, B_M)) = \sum m_j \Lambda_{M_j}(x) \leqno (*) \] where \(B_M\) is the sheaf of hyperfunction in \(M\), \(m_j\) the generic multiplicity of \(\mathcal{M}\) along \(Y^*_{T_j}X\). This is the counterpart of a special case of the local index formula [\textit{M. Kashiwara}, Systems of microdifferential equation. Notes and transl. by Teresa Monteiro Fernandes. Introd. by Jean-Luc Brylinski. Progress in Mathematics, 34. (Boston-Basel-Stuttgart): Birkhäuser. (1983; Zbl 0521.58057)]. The estimate oncerning \(\text{char}\, (\mathcal{M})\) implies by a result of \textit{G. Lebeau} [CR. Acad. Sc. Paris, Sér. A, 290, 313--316 (1980; Zbl 0423.58017)] a vanishing result which gives that the left-hand side of (*) is equal to \(\chi (\text{Rhom}_{i^*D_X} (i^* \mathcal{M}, \mathcal{B}_M)_x)\). The formula (*) was proved by \textit{K. Takeuchi} [Adv. Math. 180, No.1, 134--145 (2003; Zbl 1066.32014)] under the assumption that in suitable local coordinates \((M, x) \simeq (\mathbb{R}^n, 0)\) and the \(M_j\) are linear spaces passing through \(x = 0\). If one allows in the estimate about \(\text{char}\, (\mathcal{M})\) also singular subspaces, the author proves a weak parity version of the local index theorem, namely that \[ \chi (\text{Rhom}_{i^*D_X} (i^* \mathcal{M}, B_M)_x) \equiv \sum m_j Eu_{Y_j}(x) \; \text{mod}\; 2 \] where \(E u_{Y_j}\) is the Euler obstruction of \(Y_j\) (in the sense of \textit{R. D. McPherson}, Ann. Math. 100, 423--432 (1974; Zbl 0311.14001)]. The proof of these results is given in terms of constructible functions and is much simpler than that given by Takeuchi.

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