Functions monotone close to boundary

Boundary behavior (theorems of Fatou type, etc.) of harmonic functions in two dimensions (31A20) Other generalizations (nonlinear potential theory, etc.) (31C45) Spaces of measurable functions ((L^p)-spaces, Orlicz spaces, Köthe function spaces, Lorentz spaces, rearrangement invariant spaces, ideal spaces, etc.) (46E30)

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A continuous function \(f : D \rightarrow \mathbb{R}\) is called monotone close to \(\Gamma\) if for every subdomain \(\Delta \subset D\) with \(\partial^{\prime\prime} \Delta \subset \Gamma\) the inequality \[ \text{osc}\, (f, \Delta) \leq \text{osc}\, (f, \partial^{\prime} \Delta) \] holds, where \(\partial^{\prime} \Delta = \tilde{\partial}\, \Delta \setminus \tilde{\partial}\, D\), \(\partial^{\prime\prime} \Delta = \tilde{\partial}\, \Delta \cap \tilde{\partial}\, D\). The following characterization of functions monotone close to the boundary is obtained: Let \(D\) be a subdomain of \(\mathbb{R}^2\), \(\Gamma \subset \partial D\) be an open Jordan arc, and \(f\in ACL^{\Phi}(D)\). If \(f\) is close to \(\Gamma\), then for every pair of points \(a, b \;D\) with \[ \rho_D(a, b) < \delta_D(a, b; \Gamma), \] the estimate \[ | f(a) - f(b)| \leq \kappa_{0}(\rho_D(a, b); \delta_D(a, b; \Gamma), \Phi, I), \] holds where \[ I = \int_{D} \Phi(| \nabla\, f| \,d x_{1} \,d x_{2}, \] \[ \kappa_{0}(\epsilon; \epsilon_{0}; \Phi; I) = \sup\left\{\kappa: \int_{\epsilon}^{\epsilon_0} \Phi\left(\frac{\kappa}{2\pi \tau}\right) \tau \,d \tau \leq \frac{1}{2\pi} I\right\}. \] Sufficient conditions for monotonicity close to the boundary are given illustrated by certain prominent examples.

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