The shape of extremal functions for Poincaré-Sobolev-type inequalities in a ball

DOI10.1016/J.JFA.2006.01.001MaRDI QIDQ2497905zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 4 August 2006

Published in Journal of Functional Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1407.0315

Poincaré inequality Sobolev inequality symmetry

Inequalities involving derivatives and differential and integral operators (26D10) Sobolev spaces and other spaces of ``smooth functions, embedding theorems, trace theorems (46E35)

Abstract: We study extremal functions for a family of Poincar'e-Sobolev-type inequalities. These functions minimize, for subcritical or critical

p g e q 2

, the quotient

| a b l a u |_{2} / | u |_{p}

among all

u i n H^{1} (B) s e t m i n u s 0

with

i n t_{B} u = 0

. Here

B

is the unit ball in

m a t h b b R^{N}

. We show that the minimizers are axially symmetric with respect to a line passing through the origin. We also show that they are strictly monotone in the direction of this line. In particular, they take their maximum and minimum precisely at two antipodal points on the boundary of

B

. We also prove that, for

p

close to

2

, minimizers are antisymmetric with respect to the hyperplane through the origin perpendicular to the symmetry axis, and that, once the symmetry axis is fixed, they are unique (up to multiplication by a constant). In space dimension two, we prove that minimizers are not antisymmetric for large

p

.

Review text

Let \(\Omega\) be a bounded domain in \(\mathbb R^n\) with a smooth boundary. Consider the inequalities of Poincaré-Sobolev-type, \[ \biggl(\int_\Omega| u-u_\Omega| ^p\biggr)^{q/p}\leq C(p,q,\Omega)\int_\Omega| \nabla u| ^q \] for \(u\) in the Sobolev space \(W^{1,q}(\Omega)\), where \(u_\Omega\) denotes the average of \(u\) on \(\Omega\), \(q\geq1\) and \(p\) satisfies \(1\leq p\leq qN/(N-q)\) if \(N>q\), \(1\leq p<\infty\) if \(N=q\) and \(1\leq p\leq\infty\) if \(N<q\). The author shows that the minimizers \(u\) for these inequalities possess the following properties: \(u\) is axially symmetric with respect to a line passing through the origin and \(u\) is strictly monotone in the direction of this line; if \(p\) is close to 2, then there exists a unit vector \(e\in\mathbb R^N\) such that \(u\) is antisymmetric with respect to the reflection \(x\mapsto x-2(x-e)e\) at the hyperplane \(H_e\) in \(\mathbb R^N\) perpendicular to \(e\); if \(N=2\), then for \(p\) sufficiently large \(u\) is not antisymmetric. The author admits that his study was motivated by the series of results concerning the one-dimesional case completed by \textit{A. I. Nazarov} [J. Math. Sci., New York 112, No. 1, 4029--4047 (2002; Zbl 1050.26014)].

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