An index theorem for Toeplitz operators on odd-dimensional manifolds with boundary

DOI10.1016/J.JFA.2006.05.005MaRDI QIDQ2504356zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Xianzhe Dai, Weiping Zhang

Publication date 25 September 2006

Published in Journal of Functional Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0103230

zbMATH Keywords

Atiyah-Patodi-Singer index theoremeta-invariantmanifold with boundaryMaslov triple indexToeplitz operatorWess-Zumino term

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Toeplitz operators, Hankel operators, Wiener-Hopf operators (47B35) Index theory and related fixed-point theorems on manifolds (58J20) Eta-invariants, Chern-Simons invariants (58J28) Boundary value problems on manifolds (58J32) Heat and other parabolic equation methods for PDEs on manifolds (58J35)

Abstract: We establish an index theorem for Toeplitz operators on odd dimensional spin manifolds with boundary. It may be thought of as an odd dimensional analogue of the Atiyah-Patodi-Singer index theorem for Dirac operators on manifolds with boundary. In particular, there occurs naturally an invariant of $eta$ type associated to $K^1$ representatives on even dimensional manifolds, which should be of independent interests. For example, it gives an intrinsic interpretation of the so called Wess-Zumino term in the WZW theory in physics.

Review text

The authors establish a formula for the index of a Toeplitz operator (compression of a unitary multiplier to the positive spectral subspace of a Dirac operator) on an odd-dimensional manifold with boundary. The result is the odd-dimensional analogue of the Atiyah-Patodi-Singer index theorem. The presence of a boundary requires the imposition of a boundary condition on the Dirac operator. The formulation of a Fredholm index problem for the Toeplitz operator requires the conjugation of this boundary condition by the unitary multiplier, a step that seriously complicates the problem. The authors address this complication by: establishing an index formula for the case in which the Dirac operator has been perturbed in a way that transforms the conjugation of the boundary condition into a conjugation of all data defining the boundary-value problem; and finding a spectral flow formula for the difference between the indices associated with the perturbed and the original problems. The paper under review provides careful formulations and complete proofs of ideas introduced in [\textit{W. Zhang}, Li, Ta Tsien (ed.) et al., Proceedings of the international congress of mathematicians, ICM 2002, Beijing, China, August 20--28, 2002. Vol. II: Invited lectures. Beijing: Higher Education Press. 361--369 (2002; Zbl 1009.58014)]. The index formula in the paper under review involves the integral of a standard locally-defined interior integrand, an invariant of eta-type, and an integer-valued Maslov triple index of the type defined by \textit{P. Kirk} and \textit{M. Lesch} [Forum Math. 16, No. 4, 553--629 (2004; Zbl 1082.58021)]. When the boundary of the manifold is a Riemann surface, the interior integral represents the Wess-Zumino term discussed by \textit{E. Witten} [Commun. Math. Phys. 92, 455--472 (1984; Zbl 0536.58012)]. Because the Wess-Zumino term is defined modulo integers, the authors' eta invariant is a formulation of the Wess-Zumino term that is intrinsic to the Riemann surface. When the Riemann surface is a sphere, the authors derive an intrinsically defined local formula for the Wess-Zumino term.

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Cited in

(15)

• A Cheeger-Müller theorem for symmetric bilinear torsions on manifolds with boundary
• A new proof of an index theorem of Freed and Melrose
• An index theorem for odd-dimensional \(\mathbb{Z}/k\mathbb{Z}\)-manifolds
• Equivariant Toeplitz index theory on odd-dimensional manifolds with boundary
• Analytic Pontryagin duality
• The mathematical work of V. K. Patodi
• Eta invariant and holonomy: the even dimensional case
• Geometric K-homology with coefficients. II: The analytic theory and isomorphism.
• The odd-dimensional analogue of a theorem of Getzler and Wu
• Calderón Projector for the Hessian of the perturbed Chern–Simons function on a 3-manifold with boundary
• Toeplitz operators and the Roe-Higson type index theorem in Riemannian surfaces
• A Cheeger-Müller theorem for Cappell-Miller torsions on manifolds with boundary
• Relative index pairing and odd index theorem for even dimensional manifolds
• Examples of odd index theorems
• Gauge symmetry in Kitaev-type spin models and index theorems on odd manifolds

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