Scaling by 5 on a 14-Cantor measure

DOI10.1216/RMJ-2014-44-6-1881MaRDI QIDQ2514547zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Karen L. Shuman, Palle Jorgensen, Keri A. Kornelson

Publication date 3 February 2015

Published in Rocky Mountain Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1111.4487, https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.rmjm/1422885099

Bernoulli convolution Cantor measure eigenvalue problem fractal measure iterated function system

Singular functions, Cantor functions, functions with other special properties (26A30) Uniqueness of trigonometric expansions, uniqueness of Fourier expansions, Riemann theory, localization (42A63) Convolution, factorization for one variable harmonic analysis (42A85) Spectral theory; eigenvalue problems on manifolds (58C40)

Abstract: Each Cantor measure (mu) with scaling factor 1/(2n) has at least one associated orthonormal basis of exponential functions (ONB) for L^2(mu). In the particular case where the scaling constant for the Cantor measure is 1/4 and two specific ONBs are selected for L^2(mu), there is a unitary operator U defined by mapping one ONB to the other. This paper focuses on the case in which one ONB (Gamma) is the original Jorgensen-Pedersen ONB for the Cantor measure (mu) and the other ONB is is 5Gamma. The main theorem of the paper states that the corresponding operator U is ergodic in the sense that only the constant functions are fixed by U.

Review text

For the iterated function system of two maps \[ \tau_+(x) = \frac{1}{4}(x+1)\;\mathrm{and}\;\tau_-(x) = \frac{1}{4}(x-1), \quad x \in \mathbb R, \] there exists a compact \(X_{\frac{1}{4}} \subseteq \mathbb R\) which satisfies the invariance property \[ X_{\frac{1}{4}} = \tau_+\left(X_{\frac{1}{4}}\right) \cup \tau_-\left(X_{\frac{1}{4}}\right) . \] The famous results of Hatchinson from 1981 imply the existence and uniqueness of a measure \(\mu_{\frac{1}{4}}\) supported on \(X_{\frac{1}{4}}\) and satisfying the condition \[ \mu_{\frac{1}{4}} = \frac{1}{2} \left(\mu_{\frac{1}{4}}\circ \tau_+^{-1}\right) + \frac{1}{2}\left(\mu_{\frac{1}{4}}\circ \tau_-^{-1}\right). \] Jorgensen and Pedersen showed in 1998 that the complex exponential functions \[ e_\gamma(\cdot) = e^{2\pi i\gamma(\cdot)}, \quad \gamma \in \Gamma = \left\{\sum_{j=0}^m a_j 4^j :\;a_j \in (0,1), \;m \in \mathbb N\right\} \] form an orthonormal basis for \(L^2(\mu)\). Dutkay and Jorgensen have shown in 2009 that the set \(\{e_{5\gamma}(\cdot): \gamma \in \Gamma\}\) is also an orthonormal basis for \(L^2(\mu)\). Define a unitary operator \(U:L^2(\mu) \rightarrow L^2(\mu)\) such that the equality \[ U(e_\gamma) = e_{5\gamma} \] holds for every \(\gamma\in \Gamma\). The main result of the paper is the following { Theorem.} If \(U(v)=v\) holds with \(\|v\|=1\), then there is \(\alpha \in \mathbb C\) such that \(|\alpha|=1\) and \(v=\alpha e_0\).

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