Scaling by \(5\) on a \(\frac{1}{4}\)-Cantor measure (Q2514547)

For the iterated function system of two maps \[ \tau_+(x) = \frac{1}{4}(x+1)\;\mathrm{and}\;\tau_-(x) = \frac{1}{4}(x-1), \quad x \in \mathbb R, \] there exists a compact \(X_{\frac{1}{4}} \subseteq \mathbb R\) which satisfies the invariance property \[ X_{\frac{1}{4}} = \tau_+\left(X_{\frac{1}{4}}\right) \cup \tau_-\left(X_{\frac{1}{4}}\right) . \] The famous results of Hatchinson from 1981 imply the existence and uniqueness of a measure \(\mu_{\frac{1}{4}}\) supported on \(X_{\frac{1}{4}}\) and satisfying the condition \[ \mu_{\frac{1}{4}} = \frac{1}{2} \left(\mu_{\frac{1}{4}}\circ \tau_+^{-1}\right) + \frac{1}{2}\left(\mu_{\frac{1}{4}}\circ \tau_-^{-1}\right). \] Jorgensen and Pedersen showed in 1998 that the complex exponential functions \[ e_\gamma(\cdot) = e^{2\pi i\gamma(\cdot)}, \quad \gamma \in \Gamma = \left\{\sum_{j=0}^m a_j 4^j :\;a_j \in (0,1), \;m \in \mathbb N\right\} \] form an orthonormal basis for \(L^2(\mu)\). Dutkay and Jorgensen have shown in 2009 that the set \(\{e_{5\gamma}(\cdot): \gamma \in \Gamma\}\) is also an orthonormal basis for \(L^2(\mu)\). Define a unitary operator \(U:L^2(\mu) \rightarrow L^2(\mu)\) such that the equality \[ U(e_\gamma) = e_{5\gamma} \] holds for every \(\gamma\in \Gamma\). The main result of the paper is the following { Theorem.} If \(U(v)=v\) holds with \(\|v\|=1\), then there is \(\alpha \in \mathbb C\) such that \(|\alpha|=1\) and \(v=\alpha e_0\).