The cardinality of certain \(\mu _{M,D}\)-orthogonal exponentials (Q1043529)

A non-spectral problem for the self-affine measures \(\mu_{M,D}\) is considered in the two cases: (i) \(M=p I_3\), \(D=\{0, e_1, e_2, e_3\}\) in \({\mathbb R}^3\), and (ii) \(M=p I_2\), \(D=\{0, e_1, e_2, e_1+e_2\}\) in \({\mathbb R}^2\), where \(p>1\) is an odd integer, \(I_n\) is the \(n\times n\) identity matrix, and \(e_1, \dots, e_n\) are the standard basis of unit vectors in \({\mathbb R}^n\). The author shows that the number of mutually orthogonal exponentials in \(L^2(\mu_{M,D})\) in each case is at most four and that the number four is the best possible.