Analysis of orthogonality and of orbits in affine iterated function systems (Q884971)

The authors study a class of irregular patterns of points in \(\mathbb{R}^d\) arising from finite families of affine mappings given by a fixed scaling matrix \(R\), and a fixed set of vectors \(B\) in \(\mathbb{R}^d\). They show that iterations in the small lead to fractal sets and fractal measures \(\mu_B\). Motivated by analogies to lacunary Fourier series, they further use iterations in the large to construct orthogonal complex exponentials in the Hilbert spaces \(L^2(\mu_B)\). Their results offer simple geometric conditions allowing to decide when the fractal in the large is a spectrum for the compact attractor supporting \(\mu_B\). Their results in turn are illustrated with concrete Sierpiński like fractals in dimensions 2 and 3.