A Liouville theorem for -harmonic functions in R^n_+

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Publication:256193



Abstract: In this paper, we consider alpha-harmonic functions in the half space mathbbR+n: �egin{equation} left{�egin{array}{ll} (-Delta)^{alpha/2} u(x)=0,~u(x)>0, & xinmathbb{R}^n_+, \ u(x)equiv 0, & x

otin mathbb{R}^{n}_{+}. end{array} ight. end{equation} We prove that all the solutions have to assume the form �egin{equation} u(x)=left{�egin{array}{ll}Cx_n^{alpha/2}, & qquad xinmathbb{R}^n_+, \ 0, & qquad x

otinmathbb{R}^{n}_{+}, end{array} ight. label{2} end{equation} for some positive constant C.


The purpose of the article is to show that a positive function \(u\) belonging to a suitable distribution space, and satisfying: NEWLINE\[NEWLINE (*):\;(-\Delta)^su=0\text{ in }\mathbb R_+^n:=\{x=(x_l)_{1\leq l\leq n}\in \mathbb R^nNEWLINE\text{ s.t. } x_n>0\},\text{ and } u=0\text{ in } \mathbb R^n\setminus\mathbb R_+^n,NEWLINE\]NEWLINE is given explicitly, where \((-\Delta)^s\) is the classical fractional Laplacian operator with \(s\in (0,1)\). Precisely, the authors state that positive solutions associated to \((*)\) are of the form \(Cx_n^s\) (\(C\) is some positive constant), otherwise they are identically equal to zero (Theorem 1.1). The proof is essentially based on using Theorem 1.2 which states that a positive solution for \((*)\) has the following Poisson representation NEWLINE\[NEWLINEu(x)=\int_{B_r^c(x_r)}P_r(x-x_r,y-x_r)u(y)dy,NEWLINE\]NEWLINE such that \(P_r(x-x_r,y-x_r)\) is the explicit Poisson kernel for \(B_r(x_r)\), the open ball centered at \(x_r=(0,\dots,r)\in\mathbb R_+^n\) with radius \(r\), and \(B^c_r(x_r):=\mathbb R^n\setminus B_r(x_r)\). Then the rest of the proof is based on resolving the systems NEWLINE\[NEWLINE\left(\frac{\partial u(x)}{\partial x_l}=0\right)_{1\leq l\leq n-1}NEWLINE\]NEWLINE and NEWLINE\[NEWLINE\frac{ x_n\partial u(x)}{\partial x_n}=su(x).NEWLINE\]NEWLINE These systems come from the derivatives of \(P_r(x-x_r,y-x_r)\) and then by taking \(r\) close to infinity.



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