On an entry of Ramanujan concerning divergent series
An entry in the Notebooks of Ramanujan (paraphrased) states: ``if \(\sum_{n=1}^\infty u_n\) and \(\sum_{n=1}^\infty v_n\) are divergent and if \(\sum_{n=1}^\infty(u_n-v_n)\) is convergent, then \(u_n\) and \(v_n\) are nearly equal, and \(1/u_n\) and \(1/v_n\) are ``nearly equal when \(n\) is large. ``Nearly equal is not defined. The author shows that the statement can be interpreted as: ``if \(\sum_{n=1}^\infty u_n\) and \(\sum_{n=1}^\infty v_n\) are divergent and if \(\sum_{n=1}^\infty(u_n-v_n)\) is absolutely convergent, then there exist subsequences of \(\mathbb{N}\), \(\{p_n\}\) and \(\{q_n\}={\mathbb{N}}/ \{p_n\}\), such that \(\lim_{n\to\infty} (u_{p_n})/(v_{p_n})=1\) and, when \(\{q_n\}\) is non-empty, both \(\sum_{n=1}^\infty u_{q_n}\) and \(\sum_{n=1}^\infty v_{q_n}\) are convergent. The condition ``\(\{q_n\}\) is non-empty is required to exclude the case where \(a_n=0\) for all \(n>n_0\).
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