Hypercyclicity and unimodular point spectrum

DOI10.1016/J.JFA.2005.06.001MaRDI QIDQ2565535zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Sophie Grivaux, Frédéric Bayart

Publication date 27 September 2005

Published in Journal of Functional Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfa.2005.06.001

zbMATH Keywords

hypercyclicity criteria perfectly spanning set of eigenvectors unimodular eigenvalues

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Cyclic vectors, hypercyclic and chaotic operators (47A16) Linear composition operators (47B33)

Review text

Let \(X\) be an infinite-dimensional separable complex Banach space. A bounded operator \(T\) on \(X\) is hypercyclic if there exists \(x\in X\) such that the orbit \(\{T^nx:n\geq 0\}\) is dense in \(X\). Such a vector is called a hypercyclic vector for \(T\), and \(HC(T)\) denotes the set of all hypercyclic vectors for \(T\). \textit{G.~Godefroy} and \textit{J.~H.\ Shapiro} gave a sufficient condition for hypercyclicity in terms of the eigenvectors of an operator in [J.\ Funct.\ Anal.\ 98, No.~2, 229--269 (1991; Zbl 0732.47016)]: Godefroy--Shapiro criterion. Let \(H_+(T)\) be the linear space spanned by the eigenspaces \(\ker(T-\lambda I)\), \(|\lambda|>1\), and \(H_-(T)\) be the space spanned by the eigenspaces \(\ker(T-\lambda I)\), \(|\lambda|<1\). If \(H_+(T)\) and \(H_-(T)\) are dense in \(X\), then \(T\) is hypercyclic. In the paper under review, the authors are interested in finding a condition involving the eigenspaces associated to eigenvalues of modulus 1. For that purpose, they introduce the notion of a perfectly spanning set of eigenvectors. Let \(\mathbb{D}\) be the open unit disk and let \(\sigma\) be a probability measure on \(\partial\mathbb{D}\). Then \(T\) has a \(\sigma\)-spanning set of eigenvectors associated to unimodular eigenvalues if for every Borel set \(A\subset \partial\mathbb{D}\) with \(\sigma(A)=1\), the kernels \(\ker(T-\lambda I)\) for \(\lambda\in A\) span a dense subspace of \(X\). \(T\) is said to have a perfectly spanning set of eigenvectors associated to unimodular eigenvalues if it has a \(\sigma\)-spanning set of eigenvectors associated to unimodular eigenvalues for some continuous measure \(\sigma\) on \(\partial\mathbb{D}\). The main result of the present paper states that a bounded operator \(T\) on \(X\) with a perfectly spanning set of eigenvectors associated to unimodular eigenvalues is hypercyclic. To prove this theorem, the authors derive a kind of weak hypercyclicity criterion. The authors use this theorem to construct hypercyclic operators with prescribed \(K_\sigma\) unimodular point spectrum. Theorem. Let \(A\) be a \(K_\sigma\) subset of \(\partial\mathbb{D}\) (i.e., a countable union of compact subsets of \(\partial\mathbb{D})\), and let \(B\) be its closure. Then there exists a hypercyclic operator \(T\) on a Hilbert space \(H\) such that \(\sigma_p(T)= A\) and \(\sigma(T)=B\). In the last section of the paper, the authors consider the problem of common hypercyclicity of a family of composition operators on the Hardy space \(H^2(\mathbb{D})\). For a holomorphic self-map \(\varphi\) of \(\mathbb{D}\), let \(C_\varphi:H^2(\mathbb{D})\to H^2(\mathbb{D})\) denote the composition operator defined by \(C_\varphi(f)= f\circ\varphi\). It is well-known that \(C_\varphi\) is bounded on \(H^2 (\mathbb{D})\). The authors prove that for \(A=\{\varphi\in\Aut(\mathbb{D}):+1\) is the attractive fixed point of \(\varphi\}\), the set \(\cap_{\varphi\in A}HC (C_\varphi)\) is a residual subset of \(H^2(\mathbb{D})\), thus answering in the affirmative a question posed in a previous paper by the first author [\textit{F.~Bayart}, J.\ Oper.\ Theory 52, No.~2, 353--370 (2004; Zbl 1104.47009)].

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