The spectrum of differential operators in H^p spaces
2\), they show that the point spectrum of such differential operators in \(L^p(\mathbb R^n)\) is the empty set where \(2< p < 2n/(n-1)\). Let \(P: {\mathbb R}^n \rightarrow {\mathbb C}\) be a polynomial of degree \(m>0\). The corresponding PDO in \(H^p\) is defined by \[ P_p f = {\mathcal F}^{-1}(P \widehat{f})\quad {\text{with}}\quad D(P_p) = \{ f \in H^p ; {\mathcal F}^{-1}(P \widehat{f}) \in H^p \}. \] We give some notations: \(H^p_s = \{ f \in H^p\); \({\mathcal F}^{-1}( (1 + | \cdot |^2)^{s/2} \widehat{f}) \in H^p \}\). \({\mathcal M}_p = \{ u \in L^{\infty}\); \(\| u \|_{{\mathcal M}_p} < \infty \}\) where \(\| u \|_{{\mathcal M}_p} = \sup\{ \| {\mathcal F}^{-1}(u \widehat{f}) \|_{H^p}\); \(f \in {\mathcal S} \cap H^p\), \(\| f \|_{H^p} \leq 1 \}\). Denote by \(\rho(P_p)\) the resolvent set of \(P_p\), that is, \[ \begin{aligned} \rho(P_p)= \{ \lambda \in {C}; \;&{\text{the range}}\;R(\lambda - P_p)\;{\text{is dense in}}\;H^p \;{\text{and there exists}} \\ &M>0 \;{\text{such that}}\;\| f \|_{H^p} \leq M \| (\lambda - P_p)f \|_{H^p}\;{\text{for}}\;f \in D(P_p) \}. \end{aligned} \] The spectrum of \(P_p\) is \(\sigma(P_p) = {\mathbb C} \setminus \rho(P_p)\). The authors consider the following cases: (1) \(\overline{P({\mathbb R}^n)} \subset \sigma(P_p)\), where \(P({\mathbb R}^n) =\{ P(\xi)\); \(\xi \in {\mathbb R}^n \}\); (2) \(\lambda \in \rho(P_p)\) if and only if \((\lambda - P )^{-1} \in {\mathcal M}_p\); (3) \(P_p\) has no eigenvalues; (4) \(P_p\) has no compact resolvents; (5) \(P_p\) has no eigenvalues if \(2 < p < \frac{2n}{n-1}\).
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