Fourier-Mukai and Nahm transforms for holomorphic triples on elliptic curves
The Fourier-Mukai transform has been of interest in algebraic geometry since Mukai introduced it to study derived categories of coherent sheaves over abelian varieties and surfaces. The Nahm transform gives a differential geometric analogue, and has been used to relate instantons or monopoles on dual manifolds. Let \(C\) be a complex elliptic curve and \(\hat{C}\) its dual variety. The authors consider triples \((E_{1} , E_{2}, \Phi)\) where \(E_1\) and \(E_2\) are holomorphic vector bundles over \(C\) and \(\Phi \colon E_{2} \to E_1\) is a homomorphism. They study the compatibility of Fourier--Mukai and Nahm transforms of IT triples on \(C\), using the correspondence between such triples and \(\text{SU}(2)\)-invariant bundles on \(C \times \mathbb P^1\), and apply this to triples satisfying coupled vortex equations. In section 1, the authors motivate their study and give a summary of the paper. In section 2.1, the Fourier--Mukai transform \({\mathcal S}^{i}(E)\) of an IT\(_i\) sheaf \(E\) is recalled. In 2.2, the authors consider pairs \((E, \nabla)\) where \(E\) is a Hermitian vector bundle over \(C\) and \(\nabla\) a unitary connection. The IT property is defined for such pairs, and a sufficient condition for it is given in terms of the curvature of \(\nabla\). The Nahm transform \((\hat{E}, \hat{\nabla} )\) of an IT pair is constructed, and it is shown that the transform preserves the constant central curvature property of \(\nabla\). In 2.3, a natural map \(\phi_{E} \colon \hat{E} \to {\mathcal S}^{i}(E)\) is written down. The Nahm transform of a bundle map \(\Phi\) is given, and the two transforms are then shown to be compatible via \(\phi_E\). An inverse is found for the Nahm transform when \(\nabla\) has constant nonzero central curvature. In section 3.1, the authors introduce holomorphic triples. They recall \(\alpha\)-stability of a triple, where \(\alpha\) is a real parameter. They give a bijection between triples and certain \(\text{SU(2)}\)-equivariant bundles over \(C \times \mathbb P^1\) which is compatible with the respective notions of stability. In 3.2, they define the relative Fourier-Mukai transform of the \(\text{SU}(2)\)-invariant bundle over \(C \times \mathbb P^1\) associated to an IT triple, and show that this corresponds to the triple composed of the absolute transforms of the components defined in 2.1. In 3.3 and 3.4, it is shown that for certain ranks and degrees this transform preserves \(\alpha\)-stability for ``small and ``large values of \(\alpha\). In 3.5, the theory is used to give information on moduli spaces of bundles on \(C \times \mathbb P^1\). Section 4.1 gives a construction of a relative Nahm transform for a ``relatively IT pair \((E , \nabla)\) where \(E\) is a Hermitian vector bundle over \(C \times \mathbb P^1\) and \(\nabla\) a unitary connection. Functoriality and compatibility properties of the relative Fourier--Mukai and Nahm transforms are given which are analogous to those developed earlier in the absolute setting. In 4.2, integrable triples over \(C\) are introduced: triples \(((E_{1}, \nabla_{1}),(E_{2}, \nabla_{2}), \Phi)\) where \(\Phi\) is holomorphic with respect to the holomorphic structures determined by \(\nabla_1\) and \(\nabla_2\). The absolute and relative Nahm transforms of an integrable triple are shown to be compatible in a similar way to the Fourier-Mukai transforms in 3.2. The \(\tau\)-coupled vortex equations are introduced, for a real parameter \(\tau\), and the IT properties of certain integrable triples which satisfy them are studied. In 4.3, covariantly constant integrable triples (CCITs) and their properties are introduced. A criterion for a CCIT to satisfy the \(\tau\)-coupled vortex equations is given in terms of certain connections induced by the \(\nabla_j\). Such a triple is \((\tau - \tau^{\prime})\)-polystable (where \(\tau^{\prime}\) is a real number determined by \(\tau\) and the ranks and degrees of the components) and, when \(\tau\) and \(\tau^{\prime}\) are nonzero with the same sign, has good IT properties. In this case, the Nahm transform is also a CCIT. Moreover, it satisfies the \(\hat{\tau}\)-coupled vortex equations for some value of \(\hat{\tau}\) if and only if \(\tau = \tau^{\prime}\). Finally, an example is given to show that \(\alpha\)-polystability of a triple may not be preserved by the Fourier-Mukai and Nahm transforms. In several places, the authors use the results to describe various moduli spaces of vector bundles. Familiarity with \textit{O.\ García-Prada} and \textit{S. Bradlow's} paper [Math. Ann. 304, 225--252 (1996; Zbl 0852.32016)] is helpful.
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