Embeddings in the 3/4 range

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Publication:2568995



Abstract: We give a complete obstruction to turning an immersion of an m-dimensional manifold M in Euclidean n-space into an embedding when 3n>4m+4. It is a secondary obstruction, and exists only when the primary obstruction, due to Haefliger, vanishes. The obstruction lives in a twisted cobordism group, and its vanishing implies the existence of an embedding in the regular homotopy class of the given immersion in the range indicated. We use Goodwillie's calculus of functors, following Weiss, to help organize and prove the result.


For a smooth manifold \(M\) of dimension \(m\), we denote the space of embeddings of \(M\) into \(\mathbb R^n\) by \(\text{Emb}(M,\mathbb R^n)\). In this article, the author studies the obstruction to turning an immersion into an embedding, along the lines of \textit{T. G. Goodwillie} and \textit{M. Weiss} [Geom. Topol. 3, 67--101 (1999; Zbl 0927.57027), ibid. 103--118 (1999; Zbl 0927.57028)]. There, the authors constructed a sequence of spaces \(T_k\text{Emb}(M,\mathbb R^n)(k\geq 1)\) with maps \(T_{k+1}\text{Emb}(M,\mathbb R^n)\to T_{k}\text{Emb}(M,\mathbb R^n)\), called the Taylor tower. For this tower, there exists a natural map \(\eta_k:\text{Emb}(M,\mathbb R^n)\to T_k\text{Emb}(M,\mathbb R^n)\), which is \((k(n-m-2)+1-m)\)-connected. The following facts are known: \(T_1\text{Emb}(M,\mathbb R^n)\simeq \text{Imm}(M,\mathbb R^n)\) and \[ T_2\text{Emb}(M,\mathbb R^n)\simeq \text{ivmap}^{\Sigma_2}(M\times M,\mathbb R^n). \] Here, \(\Sigma_2\) acts on \(M\times M\) by interchanging elements and on \(\mathbb R^n\) by the antipodal map. The author construct unique obstructions to lifting an immersion \(f\) \((\in T_1\text{Emb}(M,\mathbb R^n))\) to \(T_2\text{Emb}(M,\mathbb R^n)\) (Theorem 5), and to lifting a \(\Sigma_2\)-isovariant map \(F:M\times M\to \mathbb R^n\) \((\in T_2\text{Emb}(M,\mathbb R^n)\)) to \(T_3\text{Emb}(M,\mathbb R^n)\) (Theorem 6). This implies (Corollary 31) that if \(3n-4m-5\geq 0\) then the vanishing of both obstructions for an immersion \(f:M\to \mathbb R^n\) means the existence of an embedding of \(M\) into \(\mathbb R^n\) within the regular homotopy class of \(f\).











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