Skein theory for SU(n)-quantum invariants

DOI10.2140/AGT.2005.5.865MaRDI QIDQ2571369zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 1 November 2005

Published in Algebraic \& Geometric Topology (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0407299, https://eudml.org/doc/126000, http://www.emis.de/journals/UW/agt/AGTVol5/agt-5-36.abs.html

zbMATH Keywords

Kauffman bracket Kuperberg bracket Murakami-Ohtsuki-Yamada bracket quantum invariant skein module

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quantum groups (quantized enveloping algebras) and related deformations (17B37)

Abstract: For any n>1 we define an isotopy invariant, <Gamma>_n, for a certain set of n-valent ribbon graphs Gamma in R^3, including all framed oriented links. We show that our bracket coincides with the Kauffman bracket for n=2 and with the Kuperberg's bracket for n=3. Furthermore, we prove that for any n, our bracket of a link L is equal, up to normalization, to the SU_n-quantum invariant of L. We show a number of properties of our bracket extending those of the Kauffman's and Kuperberg's brackets, and we relate it to the bracket of Murakami-Ohtsuki-Yamada. Finally, on the basis of the skein relations satisfied by <.>_n, we define the SU_n-skein module of any 3-manifold M and we prove that it determines the SL_n-character variety of pi_1(M).

Review text

The paper gives a skein theoretic formulation of the Reshetikhin-Turaev quantum \(sl(n)\)-invariants for a set (the ``\(n\)-webs) of \(n\)-valent ribbon graphs \(\Gamma\) in \(\mathbb{R}^3\) including all framed oriented links. This result (Theorem 1, Proposition 2, and section 2) is proved in sections 5 and 6, after some algebraic preliminaries on the defining representation of the quantum group \(U_q(sl(n))\) and its Hecke algebra in section 4. The resulting isotopy invariant \(\left<\Gamma\right>_n \in \mathbb{Z}[q^{1/n},q^{-1/n}]\) is shown to coincide with the Kauffman bracket of unoriented framed links for \(n=2\) and the Kuperberg bracket of \(3\)-webs for \(n=3\) (sections 1.3-1.4), and it determines the Kauffman-Vogel bracket of singular oriented framed links (section 1.5) and the Murakami-Ohtsuki-Yamada invariants of \(3\)-valent framed oriented graphs endowed with an integer flow (sections 1.7, 9 and 10). A state sum formula for \(\left<\;\right>_n\) is given, showing that for \(n\)-web diagrams with no crossings all integer coefficients are non-negative (sections 1.6 and 8; some connections with Khovanov-Rozansky homology are mentioned). Moreover, the \(SU_n\)-skein module of any orientable \(3\)-manifold is defined, thus generalizing previous results of Frohman-Zong [preprint] and \textit{T. Ohtsuki} and \textit{S.Yamada} [J. Knot Theory Ramifications 6, No. 3, 373--404 (1997; Zbl 0949.57011)] for \(SU_3\). A consequence of a theorem of the author in [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 353, No. 7, 2773--2804 (2001; Zbl 1046.57014)] is that for \(q^{1/n}=1\) and an algebraically closed field of coefficients of characteristic zero, the \(SU_n\)-skein module coincides with the coordinate ring of the \(SL_n\)-character variety of \(\pi_1(M)\).

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