Hilbert schemes and noncommutative deformations of type A Kleinian singularities

The paper is motivated by a construction of \textit{I. Gordon} and \textit{T. Stafford} [Adv. Math. 198, No.1, 222--274 (2005; Zbl 1084.14005)] concerning the representation theory of a symplectic reflection algebra \(H_c\) and the spherical subalgebra \(U_c\) of \(H_c.\) If \(G\) is a finite subgroup of \(\text{SL}_2\mathbb{C}\) and \(\Gamma=G\wr S_m\), the wreath product by the symmetric group, then \(\Gamma\) acts on \(V=(\mathbb{C})^m\) preserving the natural symplectic structure. Let \(Y_{\Gamma,m}\) be the set of \(\Gamma\)-invariant ideals \(I\) in the Hilbert scheme of \(m| G| \) points in \(\mathbb{C}^2\) such that the quotient \(\mathbb{C}[x,y]/I\) is isomorphic to a direct sum of \(m\) copies of the regular representation of \(G\). Then a crepant resolution \(Y_{\Gamma,m}\to V/\Gamma\) exists. The algebra \(U_c\) has a filtration such that the associated graded algebra is isomorphic to \(\mathcal O(V/\Gamma),\) and Gordon and Stafford suggested that there is a suitable category completing the square \[ \begin{tikzcd} U_c\text{-mod}\ar[r,"\cong"]\ar[d,"\mathrm{gr}" '] & ???\ar[d,"\mathrm{gr}"]\\ \mathcal O(V/\Gamma)\text{-mod}\ar[r] & \mathcal O_{Y_{\Gamma,m}}\text{-mod}\rlap{\,.}\end{tikzcd} \] They proved that this is possible in the case where \(G=1\), implying \(\Gamma=S_m\). When \(m=1\), implying \(G=\Gamma\), \(V/\Gamma\) is a Kleinian singularity and the algebras \(H_c\) is introduced. If \(\Gamma\) is cyclic, \(Y_{\Gamma,m}\) is the \(\Gamma\)-Hilbert scheme \(\text{Hilb}_{\Gamma}\mathbb{C}^2\) that parameterizes \(\Gamma\)-invariant ideals \(I\) of \(\mathbb{C}[u,v]\) such that \(\mathbb{C}[u,v]/I\) is isomorphic to the regular representation of \(\Gamma\). The purpose of the paper is to solve the problem of Gordon and Stafford when \(\Gamma\) is cyclic of order \(n\). To state the main result: There is an action of \(\Gamma\) on the first Weyl algebra \(\mathbb{C}[\delta,y]\) and on the localization \(\mathbb{C}[\delta,y^{\pm}]\). For \(\mathbf{k}\in\mathbb{C}^{n-1}\), the author constructs \(U_{\mathbf{k}}\) and \(H_{\mathbf{k}}\) as subalgebras of the crossed product \(\mathbb{C}[\delta,y^{\pm}]\ast\Gamma.\) Then, for suitable \(\mathbf{k},\mathbf{k}^\prime\in\mathbb{C}^{n-1}\), \(U_{\mathbf{k}^\prime}\)-\(U_{\mathbf{k}}\)-bimodules \(B(\mathbf{k}^\prime,\mathbf{k})\) are constructed and a sufficient condition for these to induce a Morita equivalence is given. The bimodules \(B(\mathbf{k}^\prime,\mathbf{k})\) are assembled to form a Morita \(\mathbb{Z}^{n-1}\)-algebra \(R\) which is a \(\mathbb{Z}^{n-1}\times\mathbb{Z}^{n-1}\)-graded algebra without identity. The algebras \(U_{\mathbf{k}}\) and the bimodules \(B(\mathbf{k}^\prime,\mathbf{k})\) are contained in \(\mathbb{C}[\delta,y^{\pm}]\ast\Gamma\) and have a differential operator (order) filtration inherited to \(R\). The associated graded algebra of \(U_{\mathbf{k}}\) is isomorphic to \(\mathcal O(V/\Gamma).\) \(\text{Coh}(\text{Hilb}_{\Gamma}\mathbb{C}^2)\) denotes the category of coherent sheaves on \(\text{Hilb}_{\Gamma}\mathbb{C}^2.\) For a graded algebra \(\mathcal{R},\) \(\mathcal{R}\)-qgr denotes the quotient category of finitely generated graded \(\mathcal{R}\)-modules modulo torsion. The main result is then If \(\mathbf{k}\) is dominant, then: (1) there is an equivalence of categories \(R-\text{qgr}\cong U_{\mathbf{k}-\text{mod}};\) (2) there is equivalence of categories \(\text{gr} R-\text{qgr}\cong U_{\mathbf{k}-\text{mod}}\cong\text{Coh}(\text{Hilb}_{\Gamma}\mathbb{C}^2).\) To prove this theorem, \(\mathbb{C}^2/\Gamma\) has to be controlled. When \(\Gamma\) is cyclic of order \(n\), the author computes the Hilbert-Chow morphism (the crepant morphism discussed above) using toric varieties. The insight in global sections of the scheme in question involves computation of graded Poincare series and Picard schemes. To construct \(R\), a discussion of various categories over multi-homogeneous coordinate rings is needed. This is done, and is a beautiful application of quotient categories. Also a definition of ample systems is of importance. Then \(\mathbb{Z}^n\)-algebras and Morita theory for spherical subalgebras are discussed, and adding up, this is sufficient to prove the main theorem above in a very nice and readable matter. The deformation theory however, is present, but somewhat hidden in the general results about the Weyl algebra. Finally, the concluding remarks prove that the theory considered here is consistent with earlier results.

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