Rook numbers and the normal ordering problem

DOI10.1016/J.JCTA.2005.07.012zbMATH Open1079.05002arXivmath/0402376OpenAlexW1994510890MaRDI QIDQ2575808FDOQ2575808

Authors: Anna Varvak 

Publication date: 6 December 2005

Published in: Journal of Combinatorial Theory. Series A (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: For an element $w$ in the Weyl algebra generated by $D$ and $U$ with relation $DU=UD+1$, the normally ordered form is $w=sum{c}_{i,j}{U}^i{D}^j$. We demonstrate that the normal order coefficients $c_{i,j}$ of a word $w$ are rook numbers on a Ferrers board. We use this interpretation to give a new proof of the rook factorization theorem, which we use to provide an explicit formula for the coefficients $c_{i,j}$. We calculate the Weyl binomial coefficients: normal order coefficients of the element $(D+U{)}^n$ in the Weyl algebra. We extend all these results to the $q$-analogue of the Weyl algebra. We discuss further generalizations using $i$-rook numbers.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0402376

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zbMATH Keywords

Continued fractionsDifferential operatorsBinomial coefficientsRook factorization theorem

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Factorials, binomial coefficients, combinatorial functions (05A10) (q)-calculus and related topics (05A30) Rings of differential operators (associative algebraic aspects) (16S32) Differential algebra (12H05)

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Cited In (32)

• The excedance algebra
• Normally ordered forms of powers of differential operators and their combinatorics
• The Matrix Ansatz, orthogonal polynomials, and permutations
• Rook placements in Young diagrams and permutation enumeration
• A curious \(q\)-analogue of Hermite polynomials
• A \(q\)-enumeration of alternating permutations
• Blow-up algebras, determinantal ideals, and Dedekind-Mertens-like formulas
• Eulerian polynomials via the Weyl algebra action
• Bijections on \(m\)-level rook placements
• Combinatorially interpreting generalized Stirling numbers
• Path decompositions of digraphs and their applications to Weyl algebra
• From sequences to polynomials and back, via operator orderings
• Walks, partitions, and normal ordering
• Weight-dependent commutation relations and combinatorial identities
• Signed differential posets and sign-imbalance
• Recent developments in combinatorial aspects of normal ordering
• Monomial and toric ideals associated to Ferrers graphs
• On the Stirling numbers associated with the meromorphic Weyl algebra
• Cyclic and linear graph partitions and normal ordering
• Two approaches to normal order coefficients
• Representing elements of the Weyl algebra by labeled trees
• The commutation relation \(xy=qyx+hf(y)\) and Newton's binomial formula
• Normal ordering associated with \(\lambda\)-Stirling numbers in \(\lambda\)-shift algebra
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• Orthogonal polynomials and operator orderings
• Elliptic rook and file numbers
• Normal ordering problem and the extensions of the Stirling grammar
• Normal ordering \(q\)-bosons and combinatorics
• Noncrossing normal ordering for functions of boson operators
• File placements, fractional matchings, and normal ordering
• Hiking a generalized Dyck path: a tractable way of calculating multimode boson evolution operators
• On \(xD\)-generalizations of Stirling numbers and Lah numbers via graphs and rooks

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