On xD-generalizations of Stirling numbers and Lah numbers via graphs and rooks

zbMATH Open1412.11051arXiv1701.00600MaRDI QIDQ528983FDOQ528983

Authors: Sen-Peng Eu, Tung-Shan Fu, Yu-Chang Liang, Tsai-Lien Wong 

Publication date: 18 May 2017

Published in: The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: This paper studies the generalizations of the Stirling numbers of both kinds and the Lah numbers in association with the normal order problem in the Weyl algebra $W=langlex,D|Dx-xD=1angle$. Any word $omegainW$ with $m$ $x$'s and $n$ $D$'s can be expressed in the normally ordered form $$, where $$ is known as the Stirling number of the second kind for the word $omega$. This study considers the expansions of restricted words $omega$ in $W$ over the sequences ${(xD{)}^k}_{kge0}$ and ${x{D}^k{x}^{k-1}}_{kge0}$. Interestingly, the coefficients in individual expansions turn out to be generalizations of the Stirling numbers of the first kind and the Lah numbers. The coefficients will be determined through enumerations of some combinatorial structures linked to the words $omega$, involving decreasing forest decompositions of quasi-threshold graphs and non-attacking rook placements on Ferrers boards. Extended to $q$-analogues, weighted refinements of the combinatorial interpretations are also investigated for words in the $q$-deformed Weyl algebra.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1701.00600

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zbMATH Keywords

Stirling numbersLah numbersrook numbersnormal ordering problemquasi-threshold graphs

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Graph polynomials (05C31) Bell and Stirling numbers (11B73) Combinatorial aspects of representation theory (05E10) Factorials, binomial coefficients, combinatorial functions (05A10) (q)-calculus and related topics (05A30)

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Cited In (11)

• Total non-negativity of some combinatorial matrices
• Combinatorially interpreting generalized Stirling numbers
• Normal ordering associated with \(\lambda\)-Whitney numbers of the first kind in \(\lambda\)-shift algebra
• Commutation relations, normal ordering, and Stirling numbers
• Walks, partitions, and normal ordering
• Recent developments in combinatorial aspects of normal ordering
• On some polynomials applied to the theory of hyperbolic differential equations
• On the Stirling numbers associated with the meromorphic Weyl algebra
• Cyclic and linear graph partitions and normal ordering
• The multiset partitions and the generalized Stirling numbers
• Normal ordering problem and the extensions of the Stirling grammar

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