Peierls substitution for magnetic Bloch bands

DOI10.2140/APDE.2016.9.773MaRDI QIDQ2631316zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Silvia Freund, Stefan Teufel

Publication date 29 July 2016

Published in Analysis \& PDE (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1312.5931

zbMATH Keywords

Bloch bundlemagnetic fieldperiodic potentialSchrödinger equation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

General topics in linear spectral theory for PDEs (35P05) Isospectrality (58J53) Closed and approximate solutions to the Schrödinger, Dirac, Klein-Gordon and other equations of quantum mechanics (81Q05) Selfadjoint operator theory in quantum theory, including spectral analysis (81Q10) Statistical mechanics of solids (82D20)

Abstract: We consider the Schr"odinger operator in two dimensions with a periodic potential and a strong constant magnetic field perturbed by slowly varying non-periodic scalar and vector potentials, $phi(epsilonx)$ and $A(epsilonx)$, for $epsilonll1$. For each isolated family of magnetic Bloch bands we derive an effective Hamiltonian that is unitarily equivalent to the restriction of the Schr"odinger operator to a corresponding almost invariant subspace. At leading order, our effective Hamiltonian can be interpreted as the Peierls substitution Hamiltonian widely used in physics for non-magnetic Bloch bands. However, while for non-magnetic Bloch bands the corresponding result is well understood, for magnetic Bloch bands it is not clear how to even define a Peierls substitution Hamiltonian beyond a formal expression. The source of the difficulty is a topological obstruction: magnetic Bloch bundles are generically not trivializable. As a consequence, Peierls substitution Hamiltonians for magnetic Bloch bands turn out to be pseudodifferential operators acting on sections of non-trivial vector bundles over a two-torus, the reduced Brillouin zone. Part of our contribution is the construction of a suitable Weyl calculus for such pseudos. As an application of our results we construct a new family of canonical one-band Hamiltonians $H_{heta,q}^B$ for magnetic Bloch bands with Chern number $hetainmathbbZ$ that generalizes the Hofstadter model $H_{mHof}^B=H_{0,1}^B$ for a single non-magnetic Bloch band. It turns out that $H_{heta,q}^B$ is isospectral to $H_{mHof}^{q^{2}B}$ for any $heta$ and all spectra agree with the Hofstadter spectrum depicted in his famous black and white butterfly. However, the resulting Chern numbers of subbands, corresponding to Hall conductivities, depend on $heta$ and $q$, and thus the models lead to different colored butterflies.

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Cited in

(22)

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• Optimal decay of Wannier functions in Chern and quantum Hall insulators
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• Magnetic pseudodifferential operators represented as generalized Hofstadter-like matrices
• Ubiquity of conical points in topological insulators
• Microscopic derivation of Ginzburg-Landau theory and the BCS critical temperature shift in a weak homogeneous magnetic field
• Wannier functions and \(\mathbb{Z}_2\) invariants in time-reversal symmetric topological insulators
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• Near linearity of the macroscopic Hall current response in infinitely extended gapped fermion systems
• On the construction of composite Wannier functions
• The fibre operators in the Bloch-Floquet decomposition of periodic magnetic pseudo-differential operators
• Bloch electrons in a magnetic field: Rigorous justification of the Peierls-Onsager effective Hamiltonian

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