Asymmetric Robin problems with indefinite potential and concave terms

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Publication:2631654



Abstract: We consider a parametric semilinear Robin problem driven by the Laplacian plus an indefinite and unbounded potential. In the reaction, we have the competing effects of a concave term appearing with a negative sign and of an asymmetric asymptotically linear term which is resonant in the negative direction. Using variational methods together with truncation and perturbation techniques and Morse theory (critical groups) we prove two multiplicity theorems producing four and five respectively nontrivial smooth solutions when the parameter lambda>0 is small.


In this paper the authors study the following parametric Robin problem \[ \begin{cases} -\Delta u(z) +\xi(z)u(z)=f(z,u(z))-\lambda |u(z)|^{q-2}u(z) \quad & \text{in }\Omega,\\ \frac{\partial u}{\partial n}+\beta(z) u(z)=0 & \text{on }\partial\Omega, \end{cases}\tag{P\(_{\lambda}\)} \] where \(\Omega \subseteq \mathbb{R}^N\) is a bounded domain with a \(C^2\)-boundary, \(\xi \in L^s(\Omega)\) \((s>N)\) is indefinite (that is, sign changing) and \(f: \Omega\times \mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}\) is a Carathéodory function such that \(f(z,\cdot)\) has linear growth near \(\pm\infty\). Note that the asymptotic behavior of \(f(z,\cdot)\) is asymmetric as \(x\to\pm\infty\), that is, the authors assume that the quotient \(\frac{f(z,x)}{x}\) (as \(x \to +\infty\)) stays above the principal eigenvalue \(\hat{\lambda}_1\) of the differential operator \(u \mapsto -\Delta u +\xi(z)u\) with Robin boundary condition while the quotient \(\frac{f(z,x)}{x}\) (as \(x \to -\infty\)) stays below \(\hat{\lambda}_1\) with possible interaction (resonance) with respect to \(\hat{\lambda}_1\) from the left. Hence, \(f(z,\cdot)\) is a crossing (jumping) nonlinearity. In the term \(-\lambda|u|^{q-2}u\), it is supposed that \(\lambda>0\) is a parameter and \(1<q<2\). Therefore, this term is a concave nonlinearity. In the main results the authors prove two multiplicity results in which they show that problem (P\(_{\lambda}\)) has four and five nontrivial smooth solutions, respectively, for all \(\lambda>0\) sufficiently small. Their approach uses variational tools based on critical point theory along with suitable truncation, perturbation and comparison techniques and Morse theory (critical groups).











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