Regular families of kernels for nonlinear approximation

Abstract: This article studies sufficient conditions on families of approximating kernels which provide

N

--term approximation errors from an associated nonlinear approximation space which match the best known orders of

N

--term wavelet expansion. These conditions provide a framework which encompasses some notable approximation kernels including splines, so-called cardinal functions, and many radial basis functions such as the Gaussians and general multiquadrics. Examples of such kernels are given to justify the criteria, and some computational experiments are done to demonstrate the theoretical results. Additionally, the techniques involved allow for some new results on

N

--term interpolation of Sobolev functions via radial basis functions.

Review text

Let \(\{\phi_\alpha : \alpha\in A\}\), where \(A\subset (0,\infty)\) is unbounded, be a family of continuous kernel functions depending on some parameter. Define a nonlinear approximation space \(\Phi_N\) by \[ \Phi_N := \left\{ \sum\limits_{j=1}^N a_j \phi_{\alpha_j} (\cdot - x_j) : \{a_j\}\subset \mathbb{C},\,\{\alpha_j\}\subset A,\,\{x_j\}\subset \mathbb{R}^d\right\} \] The authors investigate the existence of sufficient conditions on the family \(\{\phi_\alpha : \alpha\in A\}\) such that for any function \(f\) in the Triebel-Lizorkin space \(F^s_{\tau,q}\), there exists an \(N\)-term approximant \(S_{f,N}\in \Phi_N\) with \[ \|f - S_{f,N}\|_{L_p} \leq C_f\,N^{-s/d}. \] It is shown that under certain conditions on the family \(\{\phi_\alpha : \alpha\in A\}\) and for appropriate choices of the parameters \(s\), \(\tau\), \(q\), and \(p\), there exists for every \(f\in F^s_{\tau,q}\) an \(S_{f,N}\in \Phi_N\) such that \[ \|f - S_{f,N}\|_{L_p} \leq C \,N^{-s/d} \,|f|_{F^s_{\tau,q}}. \]

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