F-method for symmetry breaking operators

DOI10.1016/J.DIFGEO.2013.10.003MaRDI QIDQ2636747zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Publication date 31 January 2014

Published in Differential Geometry and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1303.3541

branching law conformal geometry parabolic geometry reductive Lie group

Semisimple Lie groups and their representations (22E46) Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.) (33C45) Differential geometry of symmetric spaces (53C35)

Abstract: We provide some insights in the study of branching problems of reductive groups, and a method of investigations into symmetry breaking operators. First, we give geometric criteria for finiteness property of linearly independent continuous (respectively, differential) operators that intertwine two induced representations of reductive Lie groups and their reductive subgroups. Second, we extend the F-method known for local operators to non-local operators. We then illustrate the idea by concrete examples in conformal geometry, and explain how the F-method works for detailed analysis of symmetry breaking operators, e.g., finding functional equations and explicit residue formulae of regular symmetry breaking operators with meromorphic parameters.

Review text

The author first gives geometric criteria for finite multiplicity and uniformly bounded multiplicity of the local and non-local symmetric breaking operators, and next, by extending the so-called F-method known for local operators to non-local ones, he obtains the functional identities and the explicit residue formulas of regular symmetric breaking operators on rank one orthogonal groups. Let \(G\) be a real reductive linear Lie group and \(P\) a parabolic subgroup of \(G\). For a finite dimensional representation \(\lambda\) of \(P\) on \(V\), let \({\mathcal V}=G\times_P V\) be the associated homogeneous vector bundle over \(G/P\). Then \(G\) acts continuously on the space \(C^\infty(G/P,{\mathcal V})\) of smooth sections. Similarly, we define \(C^\infty(G'/P',{\mathcal W})\) for a reductive subgroup \(G'\) of \(G\), a parabolic subgroup \(P'\) of \(G'\), and a finite dimensional representation of \(P'\) on \(W\). We assume \(P'\subset P\cap G\). Then the space of (non-local) symmetric breaking operators is given by \[ \text{Hom}_{G'}(C^\infty(G/P,{\mathcal V}), C^\infty(G'/P',{\mathcal W})). \] As a subspace of \(G'\)-intertwining differential operators, the local symmetric breaking operators is given by \[ \text{Diff}_{G'}(C^\infty(G/P,{\mathcal V}), C^\infty(G'/P',{\mathcal W})). \] For these spaces, geometric equivalent conditions that \(\dim <\infty\) (finite multiplicity) and \(\sup_{V}\sup_{W}\dim <\infty\) (uniformly bounded multiplicity) are obtained (Theorems 2.3 and 2.7). Let \({\mathfrak g}={\mathfrak n}^- + {\mathfrak l} + {\mathfrak n}^+\) be the Gelfand-Naimark decomposition of the complexification \(\mathfrak g\) of the Lie algebra \({\mathfrak g}_{\mathbb R}\) of \(G\). By extending F-method to non-local operators, the Fourier transform from \({\mathcal S}'({\mathfrak n}_{\mathbb R}^-)\) to \({\mathcal S}'({\mathfrak n}_{\mathbb R}^+)\) characterizes non-local symmetric breaking operators under the assumption that \(P'N^-P=G\) (Theorem 3.4). On rank one orthogonal groups, by using F-method, the author shows that Kummer's relation on Gauss hypergeometric functions \({}_2F_1\) corresponds to functional equations for symmetric breaking operators, and moreover, the fact that the Gegenbauer polynomial of even degree is given by \({}_2F_1\) corresponds to a residue formula for regular symmetric breaking operators (Theorems 5.6 and 5.2).

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