A variational study of some hadron bag models

DOI10.1007/S00526-013-0599-3MaRDI QIDQ2636862zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Loïc Le Treust

Publication date 18 February 2014

Published in Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.1017

zbMATH Keywords

bag appoximation modelconvergenceDirac operatorenergy functionalexcited state solutionhadron bag modelsM.I.T. bag modelsoliton bag modelsupersymmetry property

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Nonlinear elliptic equations (35J60) Time-dependent Schrödinger equations and Dirac equations (35Q41) PDEs in connection with relativity and gravitational theory (35Q75) Methods involving semicontinuity and convergence; relaxation (49J45) Optimization of shapes other than minimal surfaces (49Q10) Variational principles of physics (49S05) Selfadjoint operator theory in quantum theory, including spectral analysis (81Q10) Supersymmetry and quantum mechanics (81Q60) Strong interaction, including quantum chromodynamics (81V05) Phase transitions (general) in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B26)

Abstract: Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is the theory of strong interaction and accounts for the internal structure of hadrons. Physicists introduced phe- nomenological models such as the M.I.T. bag model, the bag approximation and the soliton bag model to study the hadronic properties. We prove, in this paper, the existence of excited state solutions in the symmetric case and of a ground state solution in the non-symmetric case for the soliton bag and the bag approximation models thanks to the concentration compactness method. We show that the energy functionals of the bag approximation model are Gamma -limits of sequences of soliton bag model energy functionals for the ground and excited state problems. The pre- compactness, up to translation, of the sequence of ground state solutions associated with the soliton bag energy functionals in the non-symmetric case is obtained combining the Gamma -convergence theory and the concentration-compactness method. Finally, we give a rigorous proof of the original derivation of the M.I.T. bag equations done by Chodos, Jaffe, Johnson, Thorn and Weisskopf via a limit of bag approximation ground state solutions in the spherical case. The supersymmetry property of the Dirac operator is the key point in many of our arguments.

Review text

The author considers relativistic hadron bag models. Among them, the M.I.T. bag and the bag approximation models and the soliton bag model. Using supersymmetry properties of the Dirac equation, arising at the solving the equation of the soliton bag and the bag approximation model, allowed to transform the problem with strongly indefinite functionals into a minimization one. The existence of ground and excited state solutions is proved. It is shown that the energy functionals of the bag approximation models are \(\Gamma\)-limits of sequences of the soliton bag model energy functionals. Also, the rigourous proof of derivation of the M.I.T. bag equations is presented.

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Cited in

(8)

• Chiral bag model with constituent quarks: topological and nontopological solutions
• A note on biquaternionic MIT bag model
• Bifurcation in the Friedberg-Lee model
• Asymptotic hadron spectrum in the M.I.T bag model
• Analytical solution of the dynamical spherical MIT bag
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• A relativistic quantum model of the hadronic state
• On the solutions of the equations of motion of a one-dimensional bag model with surface energy

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