On certain functions connected with polynomials in a Galois field
Die Polynome \(E = E(x)\) über einem Galoisfeld \(\mathrm{GF}(q)\) haben analoge Eigenschaften wie die ganzen Zahlen. Man kann für sie einen Betrag \(| E| = q^k\) definieren, wo \(k\) der Grad von \(E\) ist, und man kann analog zum Körper \(\mathfrak R\) der reellen Zahlen den Körper \(\mathfrak F\) der (stets konvergenten) Potenzreihen \[ c_k + \ldots+c_0+c_{-1}x^{-1}+ \dots \] bilden. Ist \(t\) eine weitere Unbestimmte, so kann man Polynome und formale Potenzreihen in \(t\) über \(\mathfrak F\) bilden und den Konvergenzbereich einer solchen Potenzreihe in \(\mathfrak F\) definieren. Eine besondere Rolle spielen die ,,linearen Funktionen \[ f(t) = \sum_{j=0}^\infty \alpha_jt^{q^i},\quad f(t+u)= f(t)+f(u),\quad f(ct) = cf(t). \] Für sie kann man eine Zusammensetzung \(f(g(t))\) and eine inverse Funktion mit den Eigenschaften \(g(f(t)) = f(g(t) = t\) definieren. In dieser Arbeit werden nun spezielle ,,lineare Polynome \(\psi_k(t)\) and eine ,,lineare Potenzreihe \(\psi(t)\) studiert. Man setze \[ [k] = x^{q^k} - x,\quad F_k = [k] [k-1]^q \dots [k] [l]^{q^k-1}, \quad L_k=[k][k-1] \dots [1],\quad {k\brack j}=F_kF_j^{-1}L_{k-j}^{-q^j}. \] Dann ist \[ \psi_k(t) = \prod_{\text{Grad}\,E<k} (t-E) = \sum_{j=0}^k (-1)^j {k\brack j} t^{q^j}, \] \[ \psi_k(t)-x\psi_k(t)=[k] \psi_{k-1}^q(t). \] Jede lineare Funktion \(f(t)\) kann nach den \(\psi_k\) entwickelt werden: \[ f(ut)= \sum_{j=0}^\infty \beta_j(u) \psi_j(t). \] Die Koeffizienten \(\beta_j(u)\) werden aus \(f(u)\) durch eine bestimmte Operation \(\Delta^j\) gewonnen. Man setze welter \[ \xi= \lim_{k\to\infty}[1]^{q^k(q-1)^{-1}} [k]^{-1} [k-1]^{-1}\dots [1]^{-1}, \] \[ \psi(t)=\sum_{j=0}^\infty (-1)^j F_j^{-1} t^{q^j}. \] Dann ist \(\psi(\xi t)\) ein unendliches Produkt: \[ \psi(\xi t) = \xi t \prod_E \left(1-\frac{t}{E}\right),\quad \psi(t+\xi E)=\psi(t). \] Für jedes Polynom \(M\) vom Grade \(m\) gilt \[ \psi(Mu) = \sum_{j=0}^\infty (-1)^j F_j^{-1} \psi_j^{q^j}(M) = \omega_M(\psi(n)), \] \[ \omega_M(t) = (-1)^j \prod_{E\bmod M} \{t-\psi(EM^{-1}\xi)\}. \] Die inverse Funktion von \(\psi(t)\) ist \[ \lambda(t) = \sum_{j=0}^\infty L_j^{-1}t^{q^j},\quad \text{konvergent\;für } | t|\leq | x|. \] Mit Hilfe der Relation \(\lambda(xt) - x\lambda(t) = \lambda(t^q)\) kann die Funktion \(\lambda(t)\) für alle \(t\) definiert werden. Relationen zwischen den Koeffizienten der inversen Funktion und der Funktion \(f(t)^{-1}\) werden hergeleitet and auf die Funktionen \(\psi(t)^{-1}\) und \(\psi_k(t)^{-1}\) angewandt. Die Summen der \((-m)\)-ten Potenzen aller normierten Polynome vom Grade \(k\), sowie auch aller normierten Polynome, werden ausgewertet. Ein neuer Beweis des F. K. Schmidtschen Reziprozitätssatzes für die \((q-1)\)-ten Potenzreste. Eine notwendige and hinreichende Bedingung für die Lösbarkeit der Kongruenz \(t^q- t\equiv A\pmod P\). Vgl. auch das Referat im JFM 61.0127.01.
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