On linear independence of sequences in a Banach space

This paper gives an answer to a problem raised by \textit{A. Dvoretzky}: given a sequence of (algebraically) linearly independent unit vectors of a Banach space, does there exists a subsequence linearly independent in some stronger sense? The authors prove that, given any positively valued function \(\varphi(n)\), every sequence of linearly independent unit vectors of a Banach space contains a subsequence \(x_n\) independent in the following sense: if \(C^k_n\) are scalars such that \[ (1)\;\sup_{k} |C^k_n| < \varphi(n), \qquad (2)\;\lim_{k \to \infty} \sum_{n=1}^\infty C^k_nx_n = 0, \] then \(\lim_{k \to \infty} C^k_n = 0\) for \(n=1,2,...\). This implies a fortiori that these vectors are linearly independent in the following sense: if \(\sum_{n=1}^\infty c_n x_n=0\), then \(c_n=0\) for \(n=1,2,...\). The authors prove also that if the condition (1) is dropped in the definition of linear independence, their theorem is no longer true. [The following misprints are to be noted: p. 689, line 13 the inequality is to be read \(|C^{(k)}_n| < \varphi(n)\); p. 690, line 16 replace \(x_{n_i}\) by \(x_n\); p. 691, line 20 replace \(Q\) by \(O\).]

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