Traveling wave solutions for a reaction diffusion equation with double degenerate nonlinearities
Stability in context of PDEs (35B35) Asymptotic behavior of solutions to PDEs (35B40) Traveling wave solutions (35C07) Initial value problems for second-order parabolic equations (35K15) Reaction-diffusion equations (35K57) Semilinear parabolic equations (35K58) Estimates of eigenvalues in context of PDEs (35P15)
The authors study the nonlinear heat equation \( u_t = u_{xx} + f(u),\) where a \(C^1\) function \(f(u)\) has two degenerate equilibria at \(\{0,1\}\) with \[ f(0) = f(1) = f'(0) = f'(1) = 0, \] but it is strictly positive for all \(u \in (0,1)\). Traveling wave solutions are defined by \(u(x,t) = u(x+ct)\) for a speed \(c \in \mathbb{R}\), where \(u(x)\) approaches \(0\) as \(x \to -\infty\) and \(1\) as \(x \to +\infty\). The authors prove three important results for the existence, uniqueness, and stability of traveling wave solutions in this model. {\parindent=5mm \begin{itemize}\item[1.] A unique traveling wave solution \(u^*(x)\) exists with the minimal speed \(c^* > 0\) such that \(u^*(x)\) is monotonically increasing in \(\mathbb{R}\) and \(u(x) \to 0\) as \(x \to -\infty\) exponentially fast. (The limit \(u^*(x) \to 1\) as \(x \to +\infty\) is always algebraic.) \item[2.] A unique traveling wave solution \(u(x)\) exists for any \(c > c^*\) such that \(u(x)\) approach both \(0\) and \(1\) algebraically slowly as \(x \to -\infty\) and \(x \to +\infty\) respectively. \item[3.] If the initial value is close to the limiting traveling wave solution \(u^*(x)\) with some exponentially small error, then the solution of the Cauchy problem is bounded from above and from below by the two limiting traveling wave solutions \(u^*_{\pm}(x)\) with the speeds \(c_{\pm}(t)\) that approach to \(c^*\) exponentially fast. \end{itemize}} Appendix of the article gives an alternative existence proof that exploits ideas of the phase plane analysis and the qualitative theory of differential equations.
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