Continuity and equicontinuity of semigroups on norming dual pairs

DOI10.1007/S00233-009-9174-9MaRDI QIDQ2655459zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Markus Kunze

Publication date 25 January 2010

Published in Semigroup Forum (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0903.1001

zbMATH Keywords

equicontinuity norming dual pairs strict topology transition semigroup

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Groups and semigroups of linear operators (47D03) Markov semigroups and applications to diffusion processes (47D07)

Abstract: We study continuity and equicontinuity of semigroups on norming dual pairs with respect to topologies defined in terms of the duality. In particular, we address the question whether continuity of a semigroup already implies (local/quasi) equicontinuity. We apply our results to transition semigroups and show that, under suitable hypothesis on

E

, every transition semigroup on

C_{b} (E)

which is continuous with respect to the strict topology

is automatically quasi-equicontinuous with respect to that topology. We also give several characterizations of

-continuous semigroups on

C_{b} (E)

and provide a convenient condition for the transition semigroup of a Banach space valued Markov process to be

-continuous.

Review text

The author studies semigroups on normal dual pairs with respect to topologies defined in terms of the duality. The focus is on the question whether the semigroup \({\mathbf T}= (T_t)_{t\geq 0}\) implies the (local/quasi) equicontinuity of the family \(\{T_t: t\geq 0\}\). The general results are applied to semigroups on the norming dual pair \((C_b(E),{\mathcal M}_0(E))\), where \(E\) is a completely regular Hausdorff space, \(C_b(E)\) denotes the space of bounded continuous functions on \(E\) and \({\mathcal M}_0(E)\) the space of bounded Radon measures on \(E\). The topology of interest is the strict topology \(\beta_0\), defined as follows: Let \({\mathcal F}_0(E)\) be the space of all bounded functions on \(E\) vanishing at infinity, i.e., given \(f\in{\mathcal F}_0(E)\) and \(\varepsilon> 0\), there is a compact set \(K\subset E\) such that \(|f(x)|<\varepsilon\) for all \(x\not\in K\). The strict topology \(\beta_0\) on \(C_b(E)\) is the locally convex topology generated by the set of seminorms \(\{p_\phi: \phi\in{\mathcal F}_0(E)\}\), where \(p_\phi(f):= \|\phi f\|_\infty\). Suppose \(E\) is a \(T'\)-space, i.e., every weakly compact set of positive Radon measure is tight. (Examples for which this assumption is satisfied are complete metric spaces and locally compact spaces.) Let \({\mathbf T}\) be an integrable semigroup on \((C_b(E),{\mathcal M}_0(E))\). If there exists a measure \(\mu\) on the Borel algebra over \(E\) which is not Radon, assume in addition that \({\mathbf T}\) is positive. Then \(\beta_0\)-continuity of \({\mathbf T}\) implies quasi-\(\beta_0\)-equicontinuity, i.e., that for some \(a\in\mathbb{R}\) the family \(\{e^{-at}T_t: t\in 0\}\) is \(\beta_0\)-equicontinuous. If \(E\) is metric or locally compact, then also the reverse implication holds. Several characterizations of \(\beta_0\)-continuous semigroups on \(C_b(E)\) are given. Of particular interest are transition sernigroups of Banach space valued Markov processes: Let \((\Omega,{\mathcal F},\mathbb{P})\) be a probability space, \((E,\rho)\) a complete metric space, and \(X: [0,\infty)\times E\to L^0(\Omega,E)\) a continuous map, where \(L^0(\Omega,E)\) is the space of all strongly measurable maps from \(\Omega\) to \(E\) (modulo equality \(\mathbb{P}\)-almost everywhere), equipped with the topology of convergence in measure. Define \(T_tf(x):= \mathbb{E} f(X(t,x))\) for \(f\in C_b(E)\). Then \((T_t)_{t\geq 0}\) is locally \(\beta_0\)-equicontinuous, i.e., for every \(t_0> 0\) the set \(\{T_t:0\leq t\leq t_0\}\) is a \(\beta_0\)-equicontinuous family of operators on \((C_b(E),{\mathcal M}_0(E))\). If \((T_t)_{t\geq0}\) is a semigroup, then it is \(\beta_0\)-ocontinuous and quasi-\(\beta_0\)-equicontinuous.

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