Dependent first order theories, continued

DOI10.1007/S11856-009-0082-1MaRDI QIDQ2655752zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors S. Shelah

Publication date 26 January 2010

Published in Israel Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0406440

zbMATH Keywords

abelian subgroupburdencofinalitydependent theoryexternally definable setsindependence propertynon-forkingstrong dependenceweight

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Classification theory, stability, and related concepts in model theory (03C45)

Abstract: A dependent theory is a (first order complete theory) T which does not have the independence property. A main result here is: if we expand a model of T by the traces on it of sets definable in a bigger model then we preserve its being dependent. Another one justifies the cofinality restriction in the theorem (from a previous work) saying that pairwise perpendicular indiscernible sequences, can have arbitrary dual-cofinalities in some models containing them.

Review text

This paper continues the investigation, started in [\textit{S. Shelah}, Sci.\ Math.\ Jpn.\ 59, No.\ 2, 265--316 (2004; Zbl 1081.03031)], of first-order theories without the dependence property (i.e., \textit{dependent} theories). It is written in the author's characteristic style. In the first section, it is shown that if we expand a model of a dependent theory with quantifier elimination by all traces of sets definable in a (sufficiently saturated) elementary extension, the resulting structure still allows quantifier elimination. In particular it is still dependent. A far more readable account of this result is given by \textit{A. Pillay} [in: B. Löwe (ed.), Algebra, logic, set theory. Festschrift für Ulrich Felgner zum 65.\ Geburtstag. London: King's College Publications. Studies in Logic (London) 4, 175--181 (2007; Zbl 1135.03337)], and a stronger result was shown by \textit{A. Chernikov} and \textit{P. Simon} [\url{arXiv:1007.4468v1}]. In the second section, the author gives examples to show that the cofinality restrictions in Section 5 of his paper above are necessary. In the third section, the author studies strongly dependent theories: \(T\) is \textit{strongly dependent} if for some infinite \(\kappa\) in no model there are formulas \((\varphi_n(\bar x,\bar y):n<\omega)\) and tuples \((\bar a^n_\alpha:n<\omega,\alpha<\kappa)\) such that for all \(\eta\in{}^\omega\kappa\) the set \[ p_\eta(\bar x)=\{\varphi_n(\bar x,\bar a^n_{\eta(\alpha)}):n<\omega\}\cup\{\neg\varphi_n(\bar x,\bar a^n_\alpha):n<\omega,\;\alpha\not=\eta(n)\} \] is consistent. In this case, \(\kappa_{\text{ict}}(T)\) is the minimal \(\kappa\) with this property. If in addition we require all the \(p_\eta\) to be consistent with some type \(q\), this is called the \textit{burden} of \(q\) by \textit{H. Adler} [Strong theories, burden, and weight. Preprint (2007)] and generalizes the notion of \textit{weight} for a type in a stable theory. The author shows that in a strongly dependent theory there are no non-algebraic types \(p\) and \(q\) such that for any countable set \(A\) of realizations of \(p\) there is \(b\) realizing \(q\) algebraising \(B\) (Shelah calls \((p,q)\) a \((1=\aleph_0)\)-pair, a terminology which I feel should be avoided). The study of strongly dependent theories will be continued in [Strongly dependent theories. Preprint]. In the fourth section, is is shown that a dependent group with an infinite abelian subgroup contains a definable abelian subgroup. This was generalized by \textit{R. de Aldama} in his thesis [Chaînes et dépendance. Lyon (2009)] to the nilpotent case; moreover he shows that the definable group actually contains the given one. In the fifth section, the author studies forking in the dependent context. He defines explicit dividing and forking, strong splitting, exact forking, strict non-dividing (negated as strict dividing), strict forking, strict non-forking (which is \textit{not} the negation of strict forking) and shows various properties.

Recommendations

• Strongly dependent theories
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Cited in

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