The closed range property for the -operator on planar domains

The authors study the closed range property for \(\overline{\partial}\) and the dimension of the Bergman space, the space of square integrable holomorphic functions, on domains in the complex plane. Let \(\Omega\) be an open set in \(\mathbb{C}\). The Poincaré-Dirichlet inequality is said to hold on \(\Omega\) if there exists \(C>0\) such that \(\|f\|_{L^2}\leq C\|\nabla f\|_{L^2}\) for all \(f\in W^1_0(\Omega)\), the completion of \(C^{\infty}_0(\Omega) \) with respect to the Sobolev-1-norm. Let \(\operatorname{cap}(E)\) denote the logarithmic capacity of a set \(E\subset \mathbb{D}\) and \[ \rho_{\operatorname{cap}} (\Omega) = \sup\{ R \geq 0 : \forall \delta> 0 \exists z\in \mathbb{C} \text{ such that }\operatorname{cap}(D(z, R) \cap \Omega^c) < \delta\} \] where \(D(z, R)\) denotes the open disc centered at \(z\) with radius \(R\). The first result is about conditions for the closed range property for \(\overline{\partial}\). Theorem. Let \(\Omega\subset \mathbb{C}\) be an open set. Then the following are equivalent: 1) \(\overline{\partial}\) has closed range in \(L^2 (\Omega)\). 2) The Poincaré-Dirichlet inequality holds on \(\Omega\). 3) \(\rho_{\operatorname{cap}}(\Omega) <\infty\). 4) There exists a bounded function \(\phi\in C^{\infty} (\Omega)\) and a constant \(C>0\) such that \(\Delta \phi > C\) on \( \Omega\). The second result is about the dimension of the Bergman space. Theorem. Let \(\Omega\subset \mathbb{C}\) be an open set. Then the following are equivalent: 1) The Bergman space \(A^2 (\Omega) \neq \{0\}\). 2) \(\dim (A^2 (\Omega)) = \infty\). 3) \(\operatorname{cap}(\Omega^c ) > 0\). 4) There exists a bounded function \(\phi\in C^{\infty} (\Omega)\) such that \(\Delta \phi > 0\) on \( \Omega\).

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