Schubert derivations on the infinite wedge power

DOI10.1007/S00574-020-00195-9MaRDI QIDQ2660149zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 29 March 2021

Published in Bulletin of the Brazilian Mathematical Society. New Series (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.06853

bosonic and fermionic Fock spaces bosonic vertex representation of Date-Jimbo-Kashiwara-Miwa Hasse-Schmidt derivations on exterior algebras Schubert derivations on infinite wedge powers vertex operators

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Symmetric functions and generalizations (05E05) Grassmannians, Schubert varieties, flag manifolds (14M15) Exterior algebra, Grassmann algebras (15A75) Vertex operators; vertex operator algebras and related structures (17B69)

Abstract: The {em Schubert derivation} is a distinguished Hasse-Schmidt derivation on the exterior algebra of a free abelian group, encoding the formalism of Schubert calculus for all Grassmannians at once. The purpose of this paper is to extend the Schubert derivation to the infinite exterior power of a free

m a t h b b Z

-module of infinite rank (fermionic Fock space). Classical vertex operators naturally arise from the {em integration by parts formula}, that also recovers the generating function occurring in the {em bosonic vertex representation} of the Lie algebra

g l_{i} n f t y (m a t h b b Z)

, due to Date, Jimbo, Kashiwara and Miwa (DJKM). In the present framework, the DJKM result will be interpreted as a limit case of the following general observation: the singular cohomology of the complex Grassmannian

G (r, n)

is an irreducible representation of the Lie algebra of

n i m e s n

square matrices.}

Review text

For integers \(0\leq r\leq n<\infty\), let \(B_{n,r}=H^*(G(r,n),{\mathbb Z})\) denote the usual cohomology ring of the Grassmann variety \(G(n,r)\) of \(r\)-dimensional subspaces of a complex \(n\)-dimensional vector space. If \(n=\infty\), the ring \(B_r=B_{r,\infty}\) denotes the cohomology ring of the ind-variety \(G(r,\infty)\), as in [\textit{I. Dimitrov} and \textit{I. Penkov}, Int. Math. Res. Not. No. 55, 2935--2953 (2004; Zbl 1069.22009)] and it is known that \(B_r=B_{r,\infty}\simeq {\mathbb Z}[e_1,\ldots,e_r]\) is a polynomial ring in \(r\) indeterminates. For \(r=n=\infty\), \(G(\infty,\infty)\) is Sato's universal Grassmannian as in [\textit{M. Sato}, Proc. Symp. Pure Math. 49, Pt. 1, 51--66 (1989; Zbl 0688.58016)] or the ind-Grassmannian of [\textit{M. V. Ignatyev} and \textit{I. Penkov}, J. Math. Sci. 248, No. 3, 255--302 (2020; Zbl 1473.22016)] and in this case the ring \(B_{\infty,\infty}\) is the polynomial ring over \({\mathbb Z}\) in infinitely many indeterminates. Now, for \(0\leq n\leq\infty\) and a free abelian group \(M_n=\bigoplus_{0\leq j\leq n}{\mathbb Z}b_j\), let \(\wedge^{\bullet}M_n=\bigoplus_{r\geq 0}\wedge^rM\) denote the exterior algebra of \(M_n\). For \({\mathcal B}_{ij}\in\text{End}_{\mathbb Z}(M_n)\) such that \({\mathcal B}_{ij}(b_k)=b_i\delta_{jk}\) consider the Lie algebra (with bracket the usual commutator) \({\mathfrak g}{\mathfrak l}_n({\mathbb Z})=\bigoplus_{0\leq i,j<n}{\mathbb Z}{\mathcal B}_{ij}\subseteq \text{End}_{\mathbb Z}(M_n)\). For \(n<\infty\), \({\mathfrak g}{\mathfrak l}_n({\mathbb Z})=\text{End}_{\mathbb Z}(M_n)\) and the authors observe, an give a short proof, that in this case the ring \(B_{n,r}\) is a module over the Lie algebra \({\mathfrak g}{\mathfrak l}_n({\mathbb Z})\) using derivations on \(\wedge^{\bullet}M_n\). For \(r=\infty\), it is known that the ring \(B_{\infty,\infty}\) is module over \({\mathfrak g}{\mathfrak l}_{\infty}({\mathbb Z})\) using the fermionic Fock space which plays the rôle of an infinite exterior power, whose structure has been described in [\textit{E. Date} et al., J. Phys. Soc. Japan 50, 3806--3812 (1981; Zbl 0571.35099)] explicitly computing the generating function encoding the multiplication of any polynomial by elementary matrices \({\mathcal B}_{ij}\) of infinite sizes. In [\textit{L. Gatto} and \textit{P. Salehyan}, Commun. Algebra 48, No. 1, 274--290 (2020; Zbl 1442.14156)] the authors obtain the same generating function in the case when \(r<\infty\) but now using the formalism of Schubert derivations of [\textit{L. Gatto} and \textit{P. Salehyan}, Hasse-Schmidt derivations on Grassmann algebras. With applications to vertex operators. Cham: Springer (2016; Zbl 1350.15001)]. The main contribution of the paper under review is a new deduction of the bosonic vertex representation of Date et al. in [loc. cit.], but now using an extension of the Schubert derivations formalism to an infinite wedge power of a free abelian group of infinite rank (a fermionic Fock space), in the end given a unifying approach to compute the \({\mathfrak g}{\mathfrak l}_n({\mathbb Z})\)-module structure of the rings \(B_{n,r}\) for all \(r\leq n\) ranging over \({\mathbb N}\cup\{\infty\}\), where the infinity case is interpreted as a limit of the finite cases.

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