On the metric theory of inhomogeneous Diophantine approximation: an Erdős-Vaaler type result

DOI10.1016/J.JNT.2021.01.012MaRDI QIDQ2663306zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Han Yu

Publication date 16 April 2021

Published in Journal of Number Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.05929

zbMATH Keywords

inhomogeneous Diophantine approximationmetric number theory

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Inhomogeneous linear forms (11J20) Metric theory (11J83) Diophantine approximation in probabilistic number theory (11K60)

Abstract: In 1958, Sz"{u}sz proved an inhomogeneous version of Khintchine's theorem on Diophantine approximation. Sz"{u}sz's theorem states that for any non-increasing approximation function $psi:mathbbNo(0,1/2)$ with $su{m}_{q}psi(q)=infty$ and any number $gamma,$ the following set [ W(psi,gamma)={xin [0,1]: |qx-p-gamma|< psi(q) ext{ for infinitely many } q,pinmathbb{N}} ] has full Lebesgue measure. Since then, there are very few results in relaxing the monotonicity condition. In this paper, we show that if $gamma$ is can not be approximate by rational numbers too well, then the monotonicity condition can be replaced by the upper bound condition $psi(q)=O((q(loglogq{)}^2{)}^{-1}).$ In particular, this covers the case when $gamma$ is not Liouville, for example $pi,e,ln2,sqrt2.$ In general, if $gamma$ is irrational, $psi(q)=O(q^{-1}(loglogq{)}^{-2})$ and in addition, [ left(liminf_{Q oinfty} sum_{q=Q}^{Q^{(log Q)^{1/8} }}psi(q) ight)=infty, ] then $W(psi,gamma)$ has full Lebesgue measure. Our proof is based on a quantitative study of the discrepancy for irrational rotations.

Review text

Let \(\psi: \mathbb{N} \rightarrow\mathbb{R}^+\) and let \(\gamma \in\mathbb{R}\). The paper under review is concerned with the Lebesgue measure of the set \[ W(\psi, \gamma) = \{x \in [0,1] : \Vert qx-\gamma \Vert < \psi(q) \; \text{ for infinitely many } q \in\mathbb{N}\}, \] where \(\Vert \cdot \Vert\) denotes the distance to the nearest integer. It was shown by \textit{P. Szüsz} [Acta Math. Acad. Sci. Hung. 9, 177--193 (1958; Zbl 0084.27401)] that if \(\psi\) is non-increasing with \(\sum_{q=1}^\infty \psi(q) = \infty\), this set has full Lebesgue measure regardless of the value of \(\gamma\). The present paper is concerned with the monotonicity condition on \(\psi\). For this purpose, the author introduces the condition of a real number \(\gamma\) being tamely Liouville. For a real number \(\gamma\) and \(Q > 0\), let \[ \sigma(Q) = \min\left\{T > 0 : \Vert q\gamma \Vert \ge q^{-T} \text{ for } q \in \{1,2,\dots, Q\}\right\}. \] The number \(\gamma\) is tamely Liouville if \(\sigma(Q) \ll (\log Q)^{1/4-\varepsilon}\) for some \(\varepsilon > 0\). Otherwise, \(\gamma\) is wildly Liouville. It is shown that if \(\gamma\) is tamely Liouville, \(\psi(q) = O((q \log\log^2 q)^{-1})\), and \(\sum_{q=1}^\infty \psi(q) = \infty\), then \(W(\psi, \gamma)\) has full Lebesgue measure. If \(\gamma\) is wildly Liouville, it is shown that the same conclusion holds for those \(\psi\) which in addition to the other properties satisfy the stronger divergence condition \[ \liminf_{Q \rightarrow \infty} \sum_{q=Q}^{Q^{(\log Q)^{1/8}}} \psi(q) = \infty. \] Note the absence of a monotonicity condition. The proof heavily depends on the theory of discrepancies for irrational rotations together with a mean-and-variance argument.

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Cites work

• A Fourier-analytic approach to inhomogeneous Diophantine approximation
• Bohr sets and multiplicative Diophantine approximation
• Counterexamples, covering systems, and zero-one laws for inhomogeneous approximation
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1151373 (Why is no real title available?)
• Measure theoretic laws for lim sup sets
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• Metric bootstraps for limsup sets
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• Quantitative inhomogeneous Diophantine approximation for systems of linear forms
• Quantitative Diophantine approximation and Fourier dimension of sets: Dirichlet non-improvable numbers versus well-approximable numbers
• Hitting times of shrinking targets: transversality and an ergodic theorem

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