Length-factoriality in commutative monoids and integral domains

DOI10.1016/J.JALGEBRA.2021.03.010MaRDI QIDQ2664483zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Felix Gotti, William W. Smith, Scott T. Chapman, Jim Coykendall

Publication date 20 April 2021

Published in Journal of Algebra (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.05441

zbMATH Keywords

Dedekind domainfactorizationfinite-rank monoidlength-factorialityother-half-factorialityunique factorization

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Divisibility and factorizations in commutative rings (13A05) Dedekind, Prüfer, Krull and Mori rings and their generalizations (13F05) Commutative rings defined by factorization properties (e.g., atomic, factorial, half-factorial) (13F15) Arithmetic theory of semigroups (20M13)

Abstract: An atomic monoid $M$ is called a length-factorial monoid (or an other-half-factorial monoid) if for each non-invertible element $xinM$ no two distinct factorizations of $x$ have the same length. The notion of length-factoriality was introduced by Coykendall and Smith in 2011 as a dual of the well-studied notion of half-factoriality. They proved that in the setting of integral domains, length-factoriality can be taken as an alternative definition of a unique factorization domain. However, being a length-factorial monoid is in general weaker than being a factorial monoid (i.e., a unique factorization monoid). Here we further investigate length-factoriality. First, we offer two characterizations of a length-factorial monoid $M$, and we use such characterizations to describe the set of Betti elements and obtain a formula for the catenary degree of $M$. Then we study the connection between length-factoriality and purely long (resp., purely short) irreducibles, which are irreducible elements that appear in the longer (resp., shorter) part of any unbalanced factorization relation. Finally, we prove that an integral domain cannot contain purely short and a purely long irreducibles simultaneously, and we construct a Dedekind domain containing purely long (resp., purely short) irreducibles but not purely short (resp., purely long) irreducibles.

Review text

Let \(M\) be an atomic monoid, \(U(M)\) its set of units and \(x\in M\setminus U(M)\), if no two distinct factorizations of \(x\) with the same length exist we say that \(M\) is legth-factorial. Two characterizations of length-factorial monoids are given: the first one using integral independent sets and the second one using the kernel of the map \(\pi:Z(M)\to M_{\mathrm{red}}\) where \(Z\) is the set of factorizations and \(M_{\mathrm{red}}\) is the reduced monoid of \(M\). The authors also give a characterization using the equal catenary degree. Let \((z,z')\) be an element of \(\ker\pi\), if \(z\) and \(z'\) have different length we say that \((z,z')\) is an unbalanced factorization relation. In this context, the notion of purely long (short) atom and the PLS property appears. The authors prove that every proper length-factorial monoid has the PLS property. Finally, they construct a Dedekin domain which verifies some conditions and integral domains which not satisfy the PLS property.

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